No label defined (Q4337784)

The authors study the existence of a torus near an isolated or non-isolated periodic orbit for a time-periodic perturbed system. Considering the planar system \(\dot x=f_0(x)\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}\), the authors suppose that this system has finite focus at the origin, and the origin is of order \(n\), i.e., \[ f_0(0)=0,\quad Df_0(0)=\begin{pmatrix} 0&-\omega\\ \omega&0\end{pmatrix},\quad\omega>0,\quad f_0(x)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{2n-1} B_jx|x|^{2j}+O(|x|^{4n}), \] where \[ B_j=\begin{pmatrix} a_j& -b_j\\ b_j& a_j\end{pmatrix},\quad b_0=\omega,\;a_n\not=0,\;a_j=0,\;j=0,\dots, n-1. \] Together with the planar system the authors consider the perturbed system \[ \dot x=f(t,x,\lambda,\delta) \] on \(\mathbb{R}\times S^1\), where \(=f_0(x)\), \(f(t+T,x,\lambda,\delta)=f(t,x,\lambda,\delta)\), \(T>0\), \[ f(t,x,\lambda,\delta)=\begin{pmatrix} \alpha(\lambda,\delta) &-\beta(\lambda,\delta)\\ \beta(\lambda,\delta) &\alpha(\lambda,\delta)\end{pmatrix}, \] and \(S^1\) denotes the unit circle. The main result is that if \(\omega T\not={{2k\pi}\over p}\) for any integers \(p,k\), \(1\leq p\leq 2 n\), and if \(D_\lambda\alpha(0,\delta)\not=0,\) then for sufficiently small \(\lambda\) and \(\delta\) the perturbed equation has invariant torus if and only if \(\alpha(\lambda,\delta)a_n<0\). The stability of the torus is determined by the sign of \(a_n\). The proofs of the results are based on a variation of the implicit function theorem. The obtained results are an interesting addendum to classical results in perturbation theory and bifurcation theory.