scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1013381

Publication date 4 September 1997

bifurcation invariant torus periodic solutions systems of ODE perturbation bifurcation.

Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Perturbations of ordinary differential equations (34D10) Local and nonlocal bifurcation theory for dynamical systems (37G99)

Review text

The authors study the existence of a torus near an isolated or non-isolated periodic orbit for a time-periodic perturbed system. Considering the planar system \(\dot x=f_0(x)\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}\), the authors suppose that this system has finite focus at the origin, and the origin is of order \(n\), i.e., \[ f_0(0)=0,\quad Df_0(0)=\begin{pmatrix} 0&-\omega\\ \omega&0\end{pmatrix},\quad\omega>0,\quad f_0(x)=\sum\limits_{j=0}^{2n-1} B_jx|x|^{2j}+O(|x|^{4n}), \] where \[ B_j=\begin{pmatrix} a_j& -b_j\\ b_j& a_j\end{pmatrix},\quad b_0=\omega,\;a_n\not=0,\;a_j=0,\;j=0,\dots, n-1. \] Together with the planar system the authors consider the perturbed system \[ \dot x=f(t,x,\lambda,\delta) \] on \(\mathbb{R}\times S^1\), where \(=f_0(x)\), \(f(t+T,x,\lambda,\delta)=f(t,x,\lambda,\delta)\), \(T>0\), \[ f(t,x,\lambda,\delta)=\begin{pmatrix} \alpha(\lambda,\delta) &-\beta(\lambda,\delta)\\ \beta(\lambda,\delta) &\alpha(\lambda,\delta)\end{pmatrix}, \] and \(S^1\) denotes the unit circle. The main result is that if \(\omega T\not={{2k\pi}\over p}\) for any integers \(p,k\), \(1\leq p\leq 2 n\), and if \(D_\lambda\alpha(0,\delta)\not=0,\) then for sufficiently small \(\lambda\) and \(\delta\) the perturbed equation has invariant torus if and only if \(\alpha(\lambda,\delta)a_n<0\). The stability of the torus is determined by the sign of \(a_n\). The proofs of the results are based on a variation of the implicit function theorem. The obtained results are an interesting addendum to classical results in perturbation theory and bifurcation theory.

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