No label defined (Q4353574)

The theoretical foundations of Reynolds stress models in turbulence are assessed from a basic mathematical standpoint. It is shown how second-order closure models and two-equation models with an anisotropic eddy viscosity can be systematically derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible turbulent flows that are near equilibrium and only weakly inhomogeneous. We show that properly calibrated versions of these models perform extremely well in the prediction of two-dimensional mean turbulent flows that are not too far from equilibrium. The development of reliable Raynolds stress models for more complex turbulent flows, particularly those involving large departures from equilibrium or high-speed compressible effects, presents greater difficulties. In regard to the latter flows, recent progress in the modeling of compressible dilatational terms is discussed in detail. The central points are illustrated by a variety of examples drawn from compressible as well as incompressible turbulent flows. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0865.00060].