The relative singularity category of a non-commutative resolution of singularities (Q436179)

The following statement is a consequence of a theorem of Buchweitz and results on idempotent completions of triangulated categories: Let \(X\) be an algebraic variety with isolated Gorenstein singularities \(Z=\text{Sing}(X)=\{x_1,\dots,x_p\}\). Then there is an equivalence of triangulated categories \[ \left(\frac{D^b(\text{Coh}(X))}{\text{Perf}(X)}\right)^\omega\overset\sim\rightarrow\bigvee_{i=1}^p \underline{\text{MCM}}\left(\hat{\mathcal O}_{X,x_i}\right). \] The left hand side stands for the idempotent completion of the Verdier quotient \(\frac{D^b(\text{Coh}(X))}{\text{Perf}(X)}\), on the right-hand side \(\underline{\text{MCM}}(\hat{\mathcal O}_{X,x_i})\) denotes the stable category of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over \(\hat{\mathcal O}_{X,x_i}=:\hat O_i\). The main goal of this article is to generalize this construction as follows. Let \(\mathcal F^\prime\in\text{Coh}(X),\) \(\mathcal F:=\mathcal O\oplus\mathcal F^\prime\) and \(\mathcal A:=\mathcal End_X(\mathcal F)\). Consider the ringed space \(\mathbb X:=(X,\mathcal A)\). It is well known that the functor \(\mathcal F\overset{\mathbb L}\otimes_X-:\text{Perf}(X)\longrightarrow D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))\) is fully faithful. If \(\text{gl.dim}(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))<\infty\) then \(\mathbb X\) can be viewed as a non-commutative (or categorical) resolution of singularities of \(X\), and the authors suggest to study the triangulated category \(\Delta_X(\mathbb X):=(\frac{D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))}{\text{Perf}(X)})^\omega\) called the relative singularity category. Assuming \(\mathcal F\) to be locally free on \(U=X\backslash Z\), an analogue of the ``localization equivalence'' is proved for the category \(\Delta(\mathbb X)\). In addition, the Grothendieck group \(\Delta(\mathbb X)\) is described. The main result of the article is a complete description of \(\Delta_U(\mathbb Y)\) in case \(Y\) is an arbitrary curve with nodal singularities and \(\mathcal F^\prime:=\mathcal I_Z\) is the ideal sheaf of the singular locus of \(Y\). It is proved that \(\Delta_Y\) splits into a union of \(p\) blocks: \(\Delta_Y(\mathbb Y)\overset\sim\rightarrow\bigvee_{i=1}^p\Delta_i\), where \(p\) is the number of singular points of \(Y\). Each block is equivalent to the category \(\Delta_{\text{nd}}=\frac{\text{Hot}^b(\text{pro}(A_{nd}))}{\text{Hot}^b(\text{add}(P_\ast))},\) where \(A_{nd}\) is the completed path algebra of the quiver with nodes \(-,\ast,+\) and arrows \(\alpha=(-\ast),\beta=(\ast-),\delta=(\ast+),\gamma=(+\ast)\) and relations \(\delta\alpha=0\), \(\beta\gamma=0\), and \(P_\ast\) is the indecomposable projective \(A_{nd}\)-module corresponding to the vertex \(\ast\). The authors prove that the category \(\Delta_{nd}\) is idempotent complete and \(\text{Hom}\)-finite, and moreover, they give a complete classification of indecomposable objects of \(\Delta_{nd}\). \(\Delta_{nd}\overset\sim\rightarrow(\frac{D^b(\Lambda-\text{mod})}{\text{Band}(\Lambda)})^\omega\) where \(\Lambda\) is the path algebra of the quiver with nodes \(1,2,3\), arrows \(a,c\) from \(1\) to \(2\) and \(b,d\) from \(2\) to \(3\) and relations \(ba=0\), \(dc=0\), and \(\text{Band}(\Lambda)\) is the category of the band objects in \(D^b(\Lambda-\text{mod})\), i.e. the objects which are invariant under the Auslander-Reiten translation in \(D^b(\Lambda-\text{mod})\). Thus the Auslander-Reiten quiver of \(\Delta_{\text{nd}}\) is described. Let \(\text{P}(X)\) be the essential image of \(\text{Perf}(X)\) under the fully faithful functor \(\mathbb F:=\mathcal F\overset{\mathbb L}\otimes-:\text{Perf}(X)\rightarrow D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))\). This category is described in the following intrinsic way: \(\text{Ob}(\text{P}(X))=\{\mathcal H^\bullet\in \text{Ob}(D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X)))|\mathcal H^\bullet\in\text{Im}(\text{Hot}^b(\text{add}(\mathcal F_x))\rightarrow D^b(\mathcal A_X-\text{mod}))\}\). In the above notations, the relative singularity category \(\Delta_X(\mathbb X)\) is the idempotent completion of the Verdier quotient \(\text{D}^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))/\text{P}(X)\), and it has a natural structure of triangulated category. Some of the main results are thus: Let \(D^b_Z(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))\) be the full subcategory of \(D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))\) consisting of complexes whose cohomology is supported in \(Z\) and \(\text{P}_Z(X)\cap D^b_Z(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))\). Then the canonical functor \(\mathbb H:\frac{D^b_Z(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))}{\text{P}_Z(X)}\rightarrow\frac{D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))}{\text{P}(X)}\) is fully faithful. With the same notations, the authors prove that the induced functor \(\mathbb H^\omega:(\frac{D^b_Z(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))}{\text{P}_Z(X)})^\omega\rightarrow(\frac{D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb X))}{\text{P}(X)})^\omega \) is an equivalence of triangulated categories. In addition to much more, the authors answer the questions: Is the category \(\Delta_Y(\mathbb Y)\) \(\text{Hom}\)-finite? What are the indecomposable objects? What is the Grothendieck group of \(\Delta_Y(\mathbb Y)\)? Assume that \(E\) is a plane nodal cubic curve. What is the relation of \(\Delta_E(\mathbb E)\) with the ``quiver description'' of \(D^b(\text{Coh}(\mathbb E))\)? To conclude in line with the authors: Let \(Y\) be a nodal algebraic curve, \(Z\) its singular locus, \(\mathcal I=\mathcal I_Z\) and \(\mathbb Y=(Y,\mathcal A)\) for \(\mathcal A=\mathcal End_Y(\mathcal O\oplus I)\). Similarly, let \(O=k[[u,v]]/(uv)\), \(\mathfrak m=(u,v)\) and \(A=\text{End}_O(O\oplus\mathfrak m)\). Then the following results are true: The category \(\Delta_Y(\mathbb Y)\) splits into a union of \(p\) blocks \(\Delta_{nd}\), where \(p\) is the number of singular points of \(Y\) and \(\Delta_{nd}=\Delta_O(A)\). The category \(\Delta_{nd}\) is \(\text{Hom}\)-finite and representation discrete. In particular its indecomposable objects and the morphism spaces between them are explicitly known. Moreover, one can compute its Auslander-Reiten quiver. It is proved that \(K_0(\Delta_{nd})\cong\mathbb Z^2\). The category \(\Delta_{nd}\) admits an alternative ''quiver description'' in terms of representations of a certain gentle algebra \(\Lambda\). A nontrivial article, not very self contained, but the ideas are easy to follow and very interesting.