No label defined (Q4376754)

The paper deals with the existence of quasiperiodic solutions for the following forced Duffing equations \[ \ddot u +a u+b u^3 =f(t), \qquad b>0, \tag{1} \] where \(f(t)=F(\omega_1 t, \cdots, \omega_m t)\) is a quasiperiodic function with a small norm and \(a,b\) are real numbers (\(F\) is called the generating function of \(f\)). The idea is to find generating functions \(U(x)\) of the quasiperiodic solutions, which satisfy the partial differential equations \[ \sum^m_{i,j=1} \omega_i \omega_j \frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial x_i \partial x_j} +a U +b U^3 =F(x).\tag{2} \] By studying a functional associated to the equation (2), the critical points of minimax type of the functional are found. The existence of quasiperiodic solutions of equation (1) follows from the regularity of weak solutions. The virtue of the above-mentioned method allows one to remove the Diophantine conditions to find saddle point solutions for these Duffing equations. When the Diophantine conditions are put, \textit{M. Levi} and \textit{E. Zehnder} considered the existence of quasiperiodic solutions and the boundedness of solutions for generalized quasiperiodic potentials via KAM theory [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 26, No. 5, 1233-1256 (1995; Zbl 0838.34040)].