scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1117858

Publication date 8 September 1998

Duffing equations KAM theory quasiperiodic solutions saddle point solutions

Almost and pseudo-almost periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C27) Periodic and quasi-periodic flows and diffeomorphisms (37C55)

Review text

The paper deals with the existence of quasiperiodic solutions for the following forced Duffing equations \[ \ddot u +a u+b u^3 =f(t), \qquad b>0, \tag{1} \] where \(f(t)=F(\omega_1 t, \cdots, \omega_m t)\) is a quasiperiodic function with a small norm and \(a,b\) are real numbers (\(F\) is called the generating function of \(f\)). The idea is to find generating functions \(U(x)\) of the quasiperiodic solutions, which satisfy the partial differential equations \[ \sum^m_{i,j=1} \omega_i \omega_j \frac{\partial^2 U}{\partial x_i \partial x_j} +a U +b U^3 =F(x).\tag{2} \] By studying a functional associated to the equation (2), the critical points of minimax type of the functional are found. The existence of quasiperiodic solutions of equation (1) follows from the regularity of weak solutions. The virtue of the above-mentioned method allows one to remove the Diophantine conditions to find saddle point solutions for these Duffing equations. When the Diophantine conditions are put, \textit{M. Levi} and \textit{E. Zehnder} considered the existence of quasiperiodic solutions and the boundedness of solutions for generalized quasiperiodic potentials via KAM theory [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 26, No. 5, 1233-1256 (1995; Zbl 0838.34040)].

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