No label defined (Q4379972)

Suppose that \(M\) is an arbitrary 3-manifold and \(R\) is a commutative ring with identity. Let \({\mathcal L}\) denote the set of isotopy classes of oriented links in \(M\) and \(R{\mathcal L}\) denote a free \(R\) module with basis the elements of \({\mathcal L}\). Let \(S_2\) be the submodule of \(R\) generated by a certain skein expression, then the second skein module \(S_2(M;R)\) is defined by the quotient \(R/S_2\). The main results are Theorem 2.3. For any element \(\alpha\in H_1(M;Z)\) choose a framed oriented link \(L_\alpha\) that represents it. Let the \(R\)-homomorphism \(g:RH_1 (M;Z)\to {\mathcal S}_2(M;R,q)\) be given by \(g(\alpha)= L_\alpha\). Then \(g\) descends to the isomorphism \(\widehat{g}: RH_1(M;Z)/I\to {\mathcal S}_2(M;R,q)\), where \(I\) is the ideal generated by elements \((q^{\text{mul}(\alpha)} -1)\alpha\), \(\alpha\in H_1(M;Z)\). In particular \[ {\mathcal S}_2(M,q)= Z[q^{\pm 1}] T(H_1(M;Z))\oplus \bigoplus_{\alpha\in H_1(M;Z)- T(H_1(M;Z))} Z[q^{\pm 1}]/ (q^{2\text{mul}(\alpha)} -1). \] Theorem 3.2. Let \(M=F\times I\). Consider the \(Z[q^{\pm 1}]\) algebra \({\mathcal S}_2(M; Z[q^{\pm 1}], q)\), where \(L_1\cdot L_2\) denotes the link obtained by placing \(L_1\) above \(L_2\) in \(F\times [0,1]\) with respect to ``height'' \([0,1]\). Then the \(Z\)-algebra epimorphism \(\varphi:{\mathcal S}_2(M; Z[q^{\pm 1}], q)\to ZH_1(M;Z)\), \(\varphi(L)=|L|\), is a Drinfeld-Turaev quantization of the group algebra \(ZH_1(M;Z)\) equipped with the Poisson bracket \([\alpha,\beta]= 2\operatorname {alg} (\alpha,\beta) \alpha\beta\) where \(\operatorname {alg} (\alpha,\beta)\) is an algebraic crossing number of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) treated as elements of \(H_1(F;Z)\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0882.00051].