Z-Graded Polynomial Identities of the Full Matrix Algebra (Q4382452)

Let \(A\) be an associative algebra with some additional structure (e.g. graded, with involution, etc.). Studying the polynomial identities of \(A\) it is useful to consider identities which take into account the additional structure. In this way one not only understands better the properties of \(A\) but also simplifies the investigation of the ``ordinary'' polynomial identities of \(A\). Although the matrix algebra \(M_n(F)\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0 is one of the main objects in the theory of PI-algebras, very little is known about the explicit polynomial identities of \(M_n(F)\) for \(n>2\). The paper under review can be considered as a first approximation to the description of the identities of \(M_n(F)\). The author considers the \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded polynomial identities of \(M_n(F)\), where the grading of \(M_n(F)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}M_n^{(k)}\) is given by \(M_n^{(k)}=\sum_{j-i=k}Fe_{ij}\) and \(e_{ij}\) are the matrix units. The main result is that the \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded polynomial identities of \(M_n(F)\) follow from the following very simple and nicely looking system: \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} x&=0, &\qquad |\text{deg }x|&\geq n,\\ x_1x_2-x_2x_1&=0, &\qquad \text{deg }x_1&=\text{deg }x_2=0,\\ x_1xx_2-x_2xx_1&=0, &\qquad \text{deg }x_1&=\text{deg }x_2=-\text{deg }x.\end{alignedat} \]