Characterizations of Hardy spaces associated to higher order elliptic operators (Q442193)

The authors show that the classical Hardy space \(H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\) can be characterized by the non-tangential maximal functions and the area integrals associated with the semigroups \(e^{-t\mathcal{P}}\) and \(e^{-t\sqrt{\mathcal{P}}}\). Here \(\mathcal{P}\) denotes an elliptic operator with real coefficients of homogeneous order \(2m\) \((m\geq 1)\). The authors also discuss the connections of Hardy spaces between such semigroups associated to elliptic operators by using area integrals, including Riesz transforms, molecular Hardy spaces and maximal functions associated to elliptic operators.