Local solvability on \({\mathbb{H}_1}\): non-homogeneous operators (Q444162)

Local solvability and non-solvability are classified for left-invariant differential operators of the form \[ L=\sum_{l=0}^{n}P_{l}(X,Y),\quad n \geq 2, \] on the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb{H}_{1}\) identified with \(\mathbb{R}^3\), where each \(P_{l}\) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree \(l\) in the non-commuting variables \(X=\partial_{x}\), \(Y=\partial_{y}+x\partial_{w}\) for \((x,y,w) \in \mathbb{R}^3\) with complex coefficients. Moreover, suppose that \(P_{n}\) is a generic polynomial. In this article, the author characterizes the local solvability of operators \(L\) in terms of related ordinary differential operators of the form \(\mathcal{L}_{\mu}^{\pm}=\sum_{l=0}^{n}\mu^{n-l}P_{l}(i\partial_{t},\pm t)\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{\infty}^{\pm}=P_{n}(i\partial_{t},\pm t)\) along their respective adjoint operators. The author also applies his general results to various classes of second-order operators and compares these results to those of a well-known subclass.