Root vectors for geometrically simple two-parameter eigenvalues (Q4452259)

Let \(i,j\in\{1,2\}\), \(H_i\) be complex Hilbert spaces, \(A_{i,j}\) bounded linear operators on \(H_i\), \(A_{i,0}\) closed densely defined with domain \(D(A_{i,0}) \subset H_i\), \((\lambda_0,\lambda_1)\in\mathbb{C}^2\), \(W_i(\lambda_0, \lambda_1)= A_{i,0}\lambda_0+ A_{i,1}\lambda_1+ A_{i,2}\). Let \(H=H_1\otimes H_2\), \(A_{i,j}^\#\) the operators on \(H\) extended by linearity and continuity such that \(A_{1,j}^\#(x_1\otimes x_2)= A_{1,j}x_1\otimes x_2\) and \(A_{2,j}^\#(x_1 \otimes x_2)=x_1 \otimes A_{2,j}x_2\) for all \(x_i\in H_i\). Similarly if \(A_{i,0}^\#\) is the operator induced from \(A_{i,0}\) on \(D(A_{i,0}^\#)\), we denote \(D=D (A_{1,0}^\#)\cap D(A_{2,0}^\#)\), \(\Delta_0=A_{1,1}\otimes A_{2,2} -A_{1,2}\otimes A_{2,1}\), \(\Delta_1=-A_{2,2}^\#A_{1,0}^\# +A_{1,2}^\#A_{2,0}^\#\) and \(\Delta_2=-A_{1,1}^\#A_{2,0}^\# +A_{2,1}^\#A_{1,0}^\#\). We suppose that \(\Delta_2\) has a bounded inverse and let \(\Gamma_j=\Delta_2^{-1}\Delta_j\) for \(j\in\{0,1\}\), \[ R_m(\lambda_0,\lambda_1)= \bigcap^m_{k=0} \ker (\Gamma_0 -\lambda_0 I)^k (\Gamma_1-\lambda_1I)^{m-k} \text{ for }m\in \mathbb{Z}_+. \] If for all \(x\in D\) there exists \(y\in D_2\) such that \(\left[\begin{smallmatrix} A_{1,0}^\# & A_{1,1}^\#\\ A_{2,0}^\# & A_{1,2}^\#\end{smallmatrix}\right]y= \left[\begin{smallmatrix} A_{1,2}^\#\\ A_{2,2}^\#\end{smallmatrix} \right] x\), if \(\dim R_1(\lambda_0,\lambda_1)=1\), if there exists \(M\in \mathbb{Z}_+\) such that \(R_M(\lambda_0,\lambda_1)= R_{M+1} (\lambda_0, \lambda_1)\) and if \(W_i(\lambda_0, \lambda_1)\) are Fredholm of index 0 for \(i\in\{1,2\}\), then \(\Gamma_j\) commute and \(R_1(\lambda_0, \lambda_1)=\ker W_1(\lambda_0,\lambda_1) \otimes \ker W_2 (\lambda_0,\lambda_1)\). Moreover, under suitable hypothesis the authors compute a basis for \(\bigcup_{m\in\mathbb{Z}_+} R_m(\lambda_0, \lambda_1)\) in terms of the \(A_{i,j}\) and give an application to two-parameter boundary value problems of Sturm-Liouville type.