No label defined (Q4455337)

Let \(g\) be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with \(h\) the Cartan subalgebra. Denote by \(\Pi:=\{\alpha_i\}_{i\in I}\subset h^*:=\Hom_{\mathbb{Q}}(h,\mathbb{Q})\) the set of simple roots of \(g\) and by \(\Pi^\vee:=\{\alpha_i^\vee\}_{i\in I}\subset h\) the set of simple coroots. Fix an integral weight lattice \(P\subset h^*\) that contains all simple roots \(\Pi\) of \(g\). A path is by definition a piecewise linear, continuous map \(\pi:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{Q}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} P\) such that \(\pi(0)=0\). Denote by \(\mathbb{P}\) the set of paths (modulo reparametrization) such that \(\pi(1)\in P\). By using root operators, \(\mathbb{P}\) may be endowed with a normal crystal structure. For an integral weight \(\lambda \in P\), denote by \(\mathbb{B}_0(\lambda)\) the connected component (of the crystal graph) of \(\mathbb{P}\) containing \(\pi_\lambda (t):=t\lambda\). From now, assume that \(g\) is of affine type. Take the index set \(I\) of the simple roots \(\Pi\) of \(g\), and fix a special vertex \(0\in I\). As an extension of a theorem due to Kashiwara and Joseph, the authors prove in this paper that if \(\lambda\) is a level-zero fundamental weight \(\varpi_i\in P\) for \(i\in I_0:=I\setminus 0\), then the connected component \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) of \(\mathbb{P}\) containing \(\pi_{\varpi_i}(t):=t\varpi_i\) is isomorphic to the crystal base \({\mathcal B}(\varpi_i)\) of the extremal weight module \(V(\varpi_i)\) as a crystal. Namely, they prove: Theorem. There exists a unique isomorphism \(\Phi_{\varpi_i}:{\mathcal B}(\varpi_i)\rightarrow \mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) of crystals such that \(\Phi_{\varpi_i}(u_{\varpi_i})=\pi_{\varpi_i}\), where \(u_{\varpi_i}\in {\mathcal B}(\varpi_i)\) is the unique extremal weight element of weight \(\varpi_i\). A result proved by Beck and Nakajima (and conjectured by Kashiwara) established that if \(\lambda=\sum_{i\in I_0} m_i\varpi_i\) with \(m_i\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\), then there exists a natural embedding of crystals from the connected component \({\mathcal B}_0(\lambda)\) of \({\mathcal B}(\lambda)\) containing the extremal weight element \(u_\lambda\) of weight \(\lambda\) into the tensor product \(\bigotimes_{i\in I_0}{\mathcal B}(\varpi_i)^{\otimes m_i}\) that maps \(u_\lambda\) to \(\bigotimes_{i\in I_0} u_{\varpi_i}^{\otimes m_i}\). By combining this result, Theorem and the fact that the tensor product of crystals corresponds to the concatenation of path models, Naito and Sagaki prove the following corollary: Corollary. Let \(\lambda:=\sum_{i\in I_0} m_i\varpi_i\in P\) with \(m_i\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\), and let \(\widetilde{\mathbb{B}}_0 (\lambda)\) be the connected component of the concatenation \(Cat_{i\in I_0}\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)^{*m_i}\) of the path models \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) containing the path \(\widetilde{\pi}:=Cat_{i\in I_0} \pi_{\varpi_i}^{*m_i}\). Then, there exists a unique isomorphism \(\widetilde{\Phi}_\lambda:{\mathcal B}_0(\lambda)\rightarrow\widetilde{\mathbb{B}}_0(\lambda)\) of crystals that maps \(u_\lambda\) to \(\widetilde{\pi}_\lambda\). Let \(g_S\) be a Levi subalgebra corresponding to a proper subset \(S\) of the index set \(I\) and let \(U_q(g_S)\subset U_q(g)\) be the quantized universal enveloping algebra of \(g_S\) with \(P\) the integral weight lattice. By restriction, the crystal \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) for \(U_q(g)\) may be regarded as a crystal for \(U_q(g_S)\). The authors prove the following branching rule for \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) as a crystal for \(U_q(g_S)\): Branching rule for \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\): As a crystal for \(U_q(g_S)\), \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) decomposes as follows: \[ \mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\cong \bigsqcup_{\pi\in\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i); \,\, \pi: g_S-{\text{dominant}}} \mathbb{B}_S(\pi(1)), \] where \(\mathbb{B}_S(\lambda)\) is the connected component of \(\mathbb{P}\) containing \(\pi_\lambda (t):=t\lambda\) as a crystal for \(U_q(g_S)\), and \(\pi\in\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i)\) is said to be \(g_S\)-dominant if \((\pi(t))(\alpha_i^\vee)\geq 0\) for all \(t\in [0,1]\) and \(i\in S\). The authors also show that the extremal weight module \(V(\varpi_i)\) of extremal weight \(\varpi_i\) is completely reducible as a \(U_q(g_S)\)-module. Namely, they prove the following branching rule for \(V(\varpi_i)\): Branching rule for \(V(\varpi_i)\): The extremal weight module \(V(\varpi_i)\) of extremal weight \(\varpi_i\) is completely reducible as a \(U_q(g_S)\)-module, and the decomposition of \(V(\varpi_i)\) as a \(U_q(g_S)\)-module is given by \[ V(\varpi_i)\cong\bigoplus_{\pi\in\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_i); \,\, \pi:g_S-{\text{dominant}}} V_S(\pi(1)), \] where \(V_S(\lambda)\) is the integrable highest weight \(U_q(g_S)\)-module of highest weight \(\lambda\). The authors end the paper studying \(W(\varpi_i)\), a fundamental representation of level zero introduced by Kashiwara. Let \(\delta\in P\) be the null root of the affine Lie algebra \(g\), and \(cl:h^*\twoheadrightarrow h^*/\mathbb{Q}\delta\) the canonical projection. Denote by \(U_q'(g)\) the quantized universal enveloping algebra with \(P_{cl}:=cl(P)\) the integral weight lattice. We have a \(U_q'(g)\)-module automorphism \(z_i:V(\varpi_i)\rightarrow V(\varpi_i)\) of weight \(d_i\delta\), where \(d_i\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) is defined by \(\{n\in\mathbb{Z}\mid \varpi_i+n\delta\in W\varpi_i\}=\mathbb{Z}d_i\), where \(W\) is the Weyl group of \(g\). The \(U_q'(g)\)-module \(W(\varpi_i)\) is defined by \[ W(\varpi_i):=V(\varpi_i)/(z_i-1)V(\varpi_i), \] and is called a fundamental representation of level zero. The authors give a path model \(\mathbb{B}_0'(\varpi_i)\) for \(W(\varpi_i)\), and prove a branching rule for \(W(\varpi_i)\) with respect to the quantized universal enveloping algebra \(U_q'(g_S)\subset U_q'(g)\) of a proper Levi subalgebra \(g_S\).