Path model for a level-zero extremal weight module over a quantum affine algebra. II (Q817571)

Let \({\mathfrak g}\) be an affine Lie algebra over the field \({\mathbb Q}\) of rational numbers and \({\mathfrak h}\) its Cartan subalgebra. Denote by \(\Pi:=\{\alpha_j\}_{j\in I}\subset {\mathfrak h}^*:=\text{Hom}_{\mathbb Q}({\mathfrak h},{\mathbb Q})\) the set of simple roots, and by \(\Pi^{\vee}:=\{h_j\}_{j\in I}\subset {\mathfrak h}\) the set of simple coroots, where \(I=\{0,1,\ldots,L\}\) is an index set for the simple roots. Let \(\delta=\sum_{j\in I} a_{j} \alpha_{j}\in {\mathfrak h}^*\) and \(c=\sum_{j\in I}a_j^{\vee}h_j\in {\mathfrak h}\) be the null root and the canonical central element of \({\mathfrak g}\), respectively. Let \(\Lambda_j\), \(j\in I\), be the fundamental weights for the affine Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\), i.e., \(\Lambda_j(h_{j'})=\delta_{j,j'}\) for \(j,j'\in I\). Take (and fix) an integral weight lattice \(P\subset {\mathfrak h}^*\) that contains all the simple roots \(\alpha_j\), \(j\in I\), and fundamental weights \(\Lambda_j\), \(j\in I\). For each \(i\in I_0:=I\setminus \{0\}\) (where \(0\in I\) is taken (and fixed) as a special vertex such that \(a_0^{\vee}=1\)), we define a level-zero fundamental weight \(\varpi_{i}\in P\) by \(\varpi_{i}=\Lambda_i-a_i^{\vee} \Lambda_0\) (recall that an integral weight \(\lambda\in P\) is said to be level-zero if \(\lambda(c)=0\)). For \(a,b\in \mathbb{Q}\) with \(a<b\), set \([a,b]_{\mathbb{Q}}:=\{t\in\mathbb{Q}:a\leq t\leq b\}\), and write just \([a,b]\) for \([a,b]_{\mathbb{Q}}\) to simplify the notation. Let \(\mathbb{P}\) be the set of all paths (i.e., piecewise linear, continuous maps) \(\pi:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{Q}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} P\) such that \(\pi(0)=0\) and \(\pi(1)\in P\), which is endowed with a crystal structure by (Littelmann's) root operators \(e_j\) and \(f_j\), \(j\in I\). For an integral weight \(\lambda\in P\), denote by \(\mathbb{B}(\lambda)\) the set of all Lakshmibai-Seshadri paths (LS paths for short) of shape \(\lambda\). We know from [\textit{P. Littelmann}, Ann. Math. (2) 142, 499--525 (1995; Zbl 0858.17023)] that the set \(\mathbb{B}(\lambda)\) together with the root operators is a subcrystal of \(\mathbb{P}\) containing the path \(\pi_{\lambda}\) defined by: \(\pi_{\lambda}(t)=t\lambda\), \(t\in [0,1]\). Hence, if we denote by \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_{i})\) the connected component of \(\mathbb{P}\) containing \(\pi_{\varpi_{i}}\) (i.e., the set of all paths that are obtained by applying the root operators successively to \(\pi_{\varpi_{i}}\)), we have that \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_{i})\) is contained in the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(\varpi_{i})\) of all LS paths of shape \(\varpi_{i}\). Naito and Sagaki prove in the present paper that the crystal graph of the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(\varpi_{i})\) is connected; in particular, the set \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_{i})\) is equal to \(\mathbb{B}(\varpi_{i})\). Let \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) be the quantized universal enveloping algebra of the affine Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) over the field \(\mathbb{Q}(q)\) of rational functions in \(q\). For an integral weight \(\lambda\in P\), we denote by \(V(\lambda)\) the extremal weight module over \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) of extremal weight \(\lambda\), which is an integrable \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\)-module introduced by Kashiwara as a natural generalization of an integrable highest (or lowest) weight \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\)-module. We know from [\textit{M. Kashiwara}, Duke Math. J. 73, 383--413 (1994; Zbl 0794.17009)] that the extremal weight module \(V(\lambda)\) has a crystal base, denoted by \(\mathcal{B}(\lambda)\). In Part I [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2003, No. 32, 1731--1754 (2003; Zbl 1080.17008)], it was proved that the connected component \(\mathbb{B}_0(\varpi_{i})\) is, as a crystal, isomorphic to the crystal base \({\mathcal B}(\varpi_{i})\) of the extremal weight module \(V(\varpi_{i})\) over \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) of extremal weight \(\varpi_{i}\). By combining this result with the connectedness of \(\mathbb{B}(\varpi_{i})\), the authors obtain that the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(\varpi_{i})\) of all LS paths of shape \(\varpi_{i}\) is, as a crystal, isomorphic to the crystal base \({\mathcal B}(\varpi_{i})\) of the extremal weight module \(V(\varpi_{i})\) over \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) of extremal weight \(\varpi_{i}\). Next, they study the crystal structure of the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(m\varpi_{i})\) of all LS paths of shape \(m\varpi_{i}\) for \(m\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}\), and obtain an explicit description of the decomposition of the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(m\varpi_{i})\) into connected components. Namely, let \(Par_{<m}\) be the set of all partitions of length (i.e., number of parts) strictly less than \(m\). The authors define a crystal structure on \(Par_{<m}\) and, as the main result of the paper, they prove that the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(m\varpi_{i})\) of all LS paths of shape \(m\varpi_{i}\) is, as a crystal, isomorphic to the tensor product \(Par_{<m}\otimes \mathbb{B}_0(m\varpi_{i})\) of the crystals \(Par_{<m}\) and \(\mathbb{B}_0(m\varpi_{i})\), where \(\mathbb{B}_0(m\varpi_{i})\) is the connected component of \(\mathbb{B}(m\varpi_{i})\) containing the straight line \(\pi_{m\varpi_{i}}(t):=t(m\varpi_{i})\), \(t\in [0,1]\). Furthermore, as an extension of the above mentioned result of [loc. cit.], Naito and Sagaki proved that the crystal \(\mathbb{B}(m\varpi_{i})\) is, as a crystal, isomorphic to the crystal base \({\mathcal B}(m\varpi_{i})\) of the extremal weight module \(V(m\varpi_{i})\) over \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) of extremal weight \(m\varpi_{i}\).