No label defined (Q4465150)

Let \(D_R= \{z:| z|< R\}\), and let \(f\) be a function analytic in \(D_R\) and continuous on the closure of \(D_R\). It is well known that the function \(f\) is determined by the real part of \(f\) on the boundary of \(D_R\), up to an imaginary constant, by the formula \[ f(z)= {1\over 2\pi R} \int_{|\zeta|= R} {\zeta+ z\over\zeta- z}\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}{d\zeta\over i\zeta}+ i\text{\,Im}\{f(0)\},\quad z\in D_R. \] The authors develop a number of sharp inequalities based on this idea. Such a basic inequality is \[ C(\alpha)\{{\mathcal B}(R)- \text{Re}\{f(0)\}\}\leq \text{Re}\{e^{i\alpha}(f(z)- f(0))\}\leq {\mathcal C}(\alpha)\{{\mathcal A}(R)- \text{Re}\{f(0)\}\}, \] where \(| z|= r\), \(\alpha\) is an arbitrary real number, \[ \begin{aligned} {\mathcal A}(R) &= \max\{\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}: |\zeta|= R\},\\ {\mathcal B}(R) &= \min\{\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}: |\zeta|= R\},\end{aligned} \] and \[ {\mathcal C}(\alpha)= {2r(R- r\cos\alpha)\over R^2- r^2}. \] In another direction, they obtain the inequality \[ | f(z_1)- f(z_2)|\leq {2({\mathcal A}(R)-{\mathcal B}(R))\over\pi}\log {R+\rho\over R-\rho} \] for \(\rho< R\) and \(z_1,z_2\in\overline D_\rho= \{z:| z|\leq \rho\}\). In addition, several sharp estimates for the modulus of the gradient of a function harmonic in \(D_R\) are given. The proofs consist of lengthy but elementary calculations.