scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2068648

Publication date 27 May 2004

Inequalities in the complex plane (30A10) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in two dimensions (31A05) Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou type, etc.) of harmonic functions in two dimensions (31A20) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05)

Review text

Let \(D_R= \{z:| z|< R\}\), and let \(f\) be a function analytic in \(D_R\) and continuous on the closure of \(D_R\). It is well known that the function \(f\) is determined by the real part of \(f\) on the boundary of \(D_R\), up to an imaginary constant, by the formula \[ f(z)= {1\over 2\pi R} \int_{|\zeta|= R} {\zeta+ z\over\zeta- z}\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}{d\zeta\over i\zeta}+ i\text{\,Im}\{f(0)\},\quad z\in D_R. \] The authors develop a number of sharp inequalities based on this idea. Such a basic inequality is \[ C(\alpha)\{{\mathcal B}(R)- \text{Re}\{f(0)\}\}\leq \text{Re}\{e^{i\alpha}(f(z)- f(0))\}\leq {\mathcal C}(\alpha)\{{\mathcal A}(R)- \text{Re}\{f(0)\}\}, \] where \(| z|= r\), \(\alpha\) is an arbitrary real number, \[ \begin{aligned} {\mathcal A}(R) &= \max\{\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}: |\zeta|= R\},\\ {\mathcal B}(R) &= \min\{\text{Re}\{f(\zeta)\}: |\zeta|= R\},\end{aligned} \] and \[ {\mathcal C}(\alpha)= {2r(R- r\cos\alpha)\over R^2- r^2}. \] In another direction, they obtain the inequality \[ | f(z_1)- f(z_2)|\leq {2({\mathcal A}(R)-{\mathcal B}(R))\over\pi}\log {R+\rho\over R-\rho} \] for \(\rho< R\) and \(z_1,z_2\in\overline D_\rho= \{z:| z|\leq \rho\}\). In addition, several sharp estimates for the modulus of the gradient of a function harmonic in \(D_R\) are given. The proofs consist of lengthy but elementary calculations.

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