No label defined (Q4487436)

The authors consider a boundary value problem for the second-order differential equation \[ x''(t)=f(t,x(t)),\;t\in [0,T],\;t\neq t_k,\;k=1,2,\dots,p, \] where \(f\) is a Carathéodory function and \(0<t_1<t_2<\cdots <t_p<t_{p+1}=T\). At the instants \(t=t_k\), it is assumed that there are impulse effects in the form \[ x'(t_k^+)-x'(t_k^-)=L_k(x(t_k),x'(t_k)),\quad x(t_k^+)-x(t_k^-)=M_k(x(t_k),x'(t_k)), \] where \(L_k\) and \(M_k\) are continuous functions, \(k=1,\dots, p\). Finally, the boundary conditions are given by \(x(0)-x(T)=\lambda_0\), \(x'(0)-x'(T)=\lambda_1\), with real constants \(\lambda_0, \lambda_1\). The authors find sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this problem. Then, they consider a particular case, setting \(L_k(x,y)=I_k(x)\), \(M_k(x,y)=\mu_k\), where \(I_k\) are continuous functions and \(\mu_k\) are constants for \(k=1,\dots, p\). For this problem, it is obtained a comparison result which permits them to develop the monotone iterative technique with definitions of upper and lower solutions more general than those used in previous papers. Finally, the existence of extremal solutions is proved assuming that \(f(t,x)\) and \(I_k(x)\) can be discontinuous with respect to the variable \(x\).