No label defined (Q4489129)

Let \(R\) be an associative ring with identity. All modules are unitary \(R\)-modules. By \(J(M)\) is denoted the Jacobson radical of a module \(M\). A ring \(R\) is called an \(I_0\)-ring if for every \(a\in R\setminus J(R)\), there exists a nonzero element \(x\in R\) such that \(xax=x\). A projective right module \(P\) is called an \(I_0\)-module if every submodule which is not contained in \(J(R)\) contains a direct summand of \(P\). Some of the results established by the author are: (1) Let \(\Gamma=R[x]\) be the polynomial ring over a ring \(R\) in the commuting indeterminate \(x\). Then \(R\) is an \(I_0\)-ring if and only if for each \(a\in R\setminus J(R)\), there exists a nonzero \(a^*\in aR\) such that \(a^*\Gamma+x\Gamma\) is a projective right ideal of \(\Gamma\). (2) Let \(M\) be a right \(R\)-module and \(S=\text{End}_R(M)\). Then \(S\) is an \(I_0\)-ring if and only if for each \(f\in S\setminus J(S)\), there exists a nonzero \(g\in S\) such that \(\text{Ker}(fg)\) and \(\text{Im}(fg)\) are direct summands of \(M\). (3) Let \(R\) be an \(I_0\)-ring and \(P\) a projective right \(R\)-module. Then \(P\) is an \(I_0\)-module. (4) Let \(P\) be a projective right \(R\)-module and \(S=\text{End}_R(P)\). Then the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(P\) is an \(I_0\)-module and \(J(P)\) is small in \(P\); (ii) If \(f\in S\) such that \(f\not\in\text{Hom}_R(P,J(P))\), then \(\text{Im}(f)\) contains a nonzero direct summand of \(P\) and \(J(P)\) is small in \(P\); (iii) \(S\) is an \(I_0\)-ring. (5) Let \(R_1\) and \(R_2\) be rings with identities and let \(R_1\) be an \(I_0\)-ring. If \(R_2\) is Morita equivalent to \(R_1\), then \(R_2\) is an \(I_0\)-ring.