scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1472083
Free, projective, and flat modules and ideals in associative algebras (16D40) Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) von Neumann regular rings and generalizations (associative algebraic aspects) (16E50) Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and semigroup rings (16S36)
Let \(R\) be an associative ring with identity. All modules are unitary \(R\)-modules. By \(J(M)\) is denoted the Jacobson radical of a module \(M\). A ring \(R\) is called an \(I_0\)-ring if for every \(a\in R\setminus J(R)\), there exists a nonzero element \(x\in R\) such that \(xax=x\). A projective right module \(P\) is called an \(I_0\)-module if every submodule which is not contained in \(J(R)\) contains a direct summand of \(P\). Some of the results established by the author are: (1) Let \(\Gamma=R[x]\) be the polynomial ring over a ring \(R\) in the commuting indeterminate \(x\). Then \(R\) is an \(I_0\)-ring if and only if for each \(a\in R\setminus J(R)\), there exists a nonzero \(a^*\in aR\) such that \(a^*\Gamma+x\Gamma\) is a projective right ideal of \(\Gamma\). (2) Let \(M\) be a right \(R\)-module and \(S=\text{End}_R(M)\). Then \(S\) is an \(I_0\)-ring if and only if for each \(f\in S\setminus J(S)\), there exists a nonzero \(g\in S\) such that \(\text{Ker}(fg)\) and \(\text{Im}(fg)\) are direct summands of \(M\). (3) Let \(R\) be an \(I_0\)-ring and \(P\) a projective right \(R\)-module. Then \(P\) is an \(I_0\)-module. (4) Let \(P\) be a projective right \(R\)-module and \(S=\text{End}_R(P)\). Then the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(P\) is an \(I_0\)-module and \(J(P)\) is small in \(P\); (ii) If \(f\in S\) such that \(f\not\in\text{Hom}_R(P,J(P))\), then \(\text{Im}(f)\) contains a nonzero direct summand of \(P\) and \(J(P)\) is small in \(P\); (iii) \(S\) is an \(I_0\)-ring. (5) Let \(R_1\) and \(R_2\) be rings with identities and let \(R_1\) be an \(I_0\)-ring. If \(R_2\) is Morita equivalent to \(R_1\), then \(R_2\) is an \(I_0\)-ring.
- Rings over which all modules are \(I_0\)-modules.
- On strongly coseparable modules
- Retractable and coretractable modules.
- Semipotency and the total of rings and modules.
- Classes of simple modules and triangular rings
- \(I_0^*\)-modules
- P-Regular and P-Local Rings
- The conditions (𝐂ᵢ),𝐢=1,2,3,11,12, in rings, modules, categories, and lattices
- (Co)retractability and (co)semi-potency
- [Russian Text Ignored.]
- Rings over which all modules are \(I_0\)-modules. II.
- Modules with many direct summands.
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