No label defined (Q4514526)

The aim of this paper is to give some results of boundary and internal observability and controllability for Maxwell's equations \[ D'- \text{curl}(\mu B)= 0\quad\text{in }\Omega\times (0,+\infty),\tag{1} \] \[ B'+ \text{curl}(\lambda D)= 0\quad\text{in }\Omega\times (0,+\infty),\tag{2} \] \[ \text{div }D= \text{div }B= 0\quad\text{in }\Omega\times (0,+\infty),\tag{3} \] \[ D(0)= D^0\quad\text{and}\quad B(0)= B^0\quad\text{in }\Omega,\tag{4} \] \[ \nu\times D= 0\quad\text{and}\quad \nu\times B=0\quad\text{on }\Gamma\times (0,+\infty),\tag{5} \] where \(\Omega\) is an open bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) having boundary \(\Gamma\) of class \(C^1\), \(D\) and \(B\) are three-dimensional vector-valued functions of \(t\), \(x= (x_1,x_2,x_3)\), \(\mu= \mu(x)\) and \(\lambda= \lambda(x)\) are scalar functions in \(C^1(\overline\Omega)\) bounded below by a positive constant, \(D^0\) and \(B^0\) are the initial data in a suitable space and \(\nu\) denotes the outward unit normal vector to \(\Gamma\). The energy of the solution is defined by \[ {\mathcal E}= {\mathcal E}(t):= {1\over 2} \int_\Omega(\lambda|D(t)|^2+ \mu|B(t)|^2) dx. \] First, the author studies the boundary observability and controllability of (1)--(4) under the assumption that \(\Omega\) is star-shaped with respect to the origin, i.e., \[ x\cdot\nu(x)\geq 0\quad\text{for all }x\in\Gamma. \] Thus, if \(\lambda(x)\), \(\mu(x)> 0\), \(\forall x\in\Omega\); \(L= \inf_\Omega \sqrt{\lambda(x)\mu(x)}> 0\); \(\mu- m\nabla\mu\geq c_0\mu\), \(\forall x\in \Omega\); \(\lambda- m\nabla\lambda\geq c_0\lambda\), \(\forall x\in\Omega\), then for every time \(T> T_0\) and for every pair \((D^0,B^0)\in{\mathcal H}_1\) the solution of (1)--(5) satisfies the inequality \[ \int^t_0 \int_\Gamma|B|^2 d\Gamma dt\geq c{\mathcal E}, \] where \({\mathcal H}_1\) is a certain Hilbert space; \(m(x)\equiv x\), \(x\in \Omega\); \(R= \sup_{x\in\Omega}|x|\); \(T_0= {2R\over L_0}\) and \(c\) is a positive constant independent of the initial data. This observability inequality is obtained by using the multiplier technique. Concerning the boundary controllability it is shown that for every time \(T> T_0\) and for every pair \((B^0,-D^0)\in{\mathcal F}'\) there exists a function \(J\in L^2(0, T; L^2(\Gamma)^3)\) such that \(J,\nu= 0\) a.e. on \(\Gamma\times (0,T)\) and the solution of (1)--(4) with \(\nu\times B=J\) on \(\Gamma\times (0,+\infty)\) satisfies \(D(T)= 0\) and \(B(T)= 0\) in \(\Omega\), where \({\mathcal F}_1\) is the completion of \({\mathcal H}_1\) and \({\mathcal F}'\) is its dual space.