Weak Liouville-Arnol'd theorems and their implications (Q455690)

In the first part of the article, the authors prove an extension of \textit{A. Sorrentino's} theorem [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363, No. 10, 5071--5089 (2011; Zbl 1237.37046)] which states that weak integrability of a Tonelli Hamiltonian implies integrability in the sense of Liouville-Arnol'd. Recall that an Hamiltonian \(H:T^{*} M \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) on a compact, connected, smooth \(n\)-dimensional manifold \(M\), is called Tonelli if it is fiberwise convex and superlinear. ``Weakly integrability'' means that there exist \(n\) integrals of motion \(F_{1},\dots,F_{n}\) which are \(C^{2}\) and functionally independent for almost each point of \(T^{*} M\). So, by Sorrentino's result, for Tonelli Hamiltonians, one may drop the involution hypothesis. By Mather's theory [\textit{J. N. Mather}, Math. Z. 207, No. 2, 169--207 (1991; Zbl 0696.58027); \textit{R. Mañé}, Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat., Nova Sér. 28, No. 2, 141--153 (1997; Zbl 0892.58064)], one may associate to each cohomology class \(c \in H^{1} (M,{\mathbb R}) \) a compact invariant subset \({\mathcal A}^{*}_{c} \subset T^{*} M\) (the Aubry set). More precisely, the first result proven in the article is the following: If the Aubry set \({\mathcal A}^{*}_{c}\) is contained in the regular set of the integral map \(F=(F_{1},\dots,F_{n})\), then there is an open neighborhood \( \mathcal{O}\) of \(c\) in \(H^{1} (M, {\mathbb R})\) such that for each cohomology class \(c' \in \mathcal{O}\) there is an invariant Lagrangian graph \(\Lambda_c'\) with cohomology class equals to \(c'\), such that \(\Lambda_c'\) admits the structure of a smooth \( {\mathbb T}^{d}\)-bundle, \(d>0\), over a parallelisable manifold \({\mathbb B}\). Moreover there is a homology class \(h \in H_{1} (M,{\mathbb R})\) such that \(\Lambda_c'\) is the union of the support of invariant measures, all of them with homology vector equal to \(h\), so the Mather set \({\mathcal M}^{*}_{c'}\) equals to \(\Lambda_c'\). As a consequence, the minimal action functional \(\alpha\) [\textit{M.-C. Arnaud}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 58, No. 5, 1733--1759 (2008; Zbl 1152.37025)] is differentiable at \(c'\) and its convex conjugate \(\beta\) is differentiable at \(h\). In the second part of the paper, the authors prove an analogous of the action-angle coordinates for Tonelli Hamiltonians defined on the cotangent bundle of a homogeneous manifold \(M= \Gamma / G\), where \(G\) is a simply connected amenable Lie group and \(\Gamma\) is a lattice subgroup. \(H\) is induced by a left-invariant Tonelli Hamiltonian on \(T^{*} G\). In this situation, the authors prove the following: For each cohomology class \(c \in H^{1} (M, {\mathbb R})\), the Mather set \({\mathcal M}^{*}_{c}\) equals to \(\Lambda_c\) and the restriction of the Hamiltonian flow to \(\Lambda_c\) is conjugate to a right-translation by a one parameter subgroup of \(G\). As above, there is a unique homology vector associated to \(\Lambda_c\) and the minimal action functional is actually of class \(C^r\). For the case of amenable groups, the authors generalize the notion of rotation (homology) vector which allows one to use a reduction process in order to obtain the minimizing measures.