Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of commutative subalgebras of simple infinite dimensional algebras and their quotient division algebras (Q4680388)

Let \(A\) be a simple finitely generated algebra over a field \(K\). Earlier, the author introduced the `filter dimension' \(\text{fd}(A)\) and the `left filter dimension' \(\text{lfd}(A)\). These dimensions allowed to obtain lower bounds on Gelfand-Kirillov dimensions of nonzero finitely generated \(A\)-modules and upper bounds on Krull dimensions of finitely generated \(A\)-modules [\textit{V. Bavula}, Commun. Algebra 24, No. 6, 1971-1992 (1996; Zbl 0855.16005) and Infinite length modules, Trends in Mathematics. 149-166 (2000; Zbl 0988.16014)]. Let \(Q_m=K(x_1,\dots,x_m)\) be a rational function field of transcendence degree \(m\) over a field \(K\). The following two inequalities are main results of the paper. Theorem 1. Let \(A\) be a central simple finitely generated \(K\)-algebra of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension \(0<n<\infty\) (over \(K\)). Let \(C\) be a commutative subalgebra of \(A\). Then its Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (over \(K\)) \[ \text{GK}(C)\leq\text{GK}(A)\bigg(1-\frac1{f_A+\max\{f_A,1\}}\bigg), \] where \(f_A:=\max\{\text{d}(Q_m\otimes A)\mid 0\leq m\leq n\}\), and \(\text{d}\) is the (left) filter dimension of the \(Q_m\)-algebra \(Q_m\otimes _KA\). Theorem 2. Let, in addition, for each \(m\geq 0\), the \(Q_m\)-algebra \(Q_m\otimes_KA\) be finitely partitive and the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (over \(Q_m\)) of every finitely generated \(Q_m\otimes_KA\)-module be a natural number. Let \(B=S^{-1}A\) be a localization of the algebra \(A\) at a left Ore subset \(S\) of \(A\), and let \(L\) be a subfield of the algebra \(B\) that contains \(K\). Then its transcendence degree over \(K\) \[ \text{tr.deg}_K(L)\leq\text{GK}(A)\bigg(1-\frac1{f_A+\max\{f_A,1\}}\bigg). \] Let \(X\) be a smooth irreducible affine algebraic variety of dimension \(n\geq 0\) over an algebraically closed field \(K\) of characteristic zero. For the ring of differential operators \(A=\mathcal D(X)\) on \(X\) and for its quotient division ring \(B=D(X)\) the right hand sides of the inequalities (both are equal to \(n\)) are exact upper bounds for the Gelfand-Kirillov dimensions of commutative subalgebras in \(\mathcal D(X)\) and for the transcendence degrees of subfields in \(D(X)\), respectively. A similar upper bound is obtained for the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of isotropic subalgebras of strongly simple Poisson algebras.