A control on the set where a Green's function vanishes (Q4713552)

The authors consider the behavior of a Green's function \(g(x,t;y,s)\) associated with the nondivergence form parabolic operator \[ L=\sum^ n_{i,j=1}a_{ij}(x,t)D^ 2_{x_ ix_ j}-D_ t \] and with the cylinder \(B\times\mathbb{R}\). Here \(B\) is a ball contained in \(\mathbb{R}^ n\), \(\mathbb{R}\) is the real line, \(x\) belongs to \(\mathbb{R}^ n\), and \(t\) belongs to \(\mathbb{R}\). Assume that the matrix \(a(x,t)\equiv(a_{ij}(x,t))\) is symmetric and there exists \(\lambda\), \(0<\lambda\leq 1\), such that for all \(x\in\mathbb{R}^ n\), \(\xi\in\mathbb{R}^ n\), and \(t\in\mathbb{R}\) \[ \lambda|\xi|^ 2\leq\sum^ n_{i,j=1}a_{ij}(x,t)\xi_ i\xi_ j\leq{1\over \lambda}|\xi|^ 2. \] Suppose that the coefficients \(a_{ij}(x,t)\) are smooth functions, but it is only in terms of the quantities \(\lambda\) and \(n\) so as to describe a control of the zero set of \(g(x,t;y,s)\) in the adjoint variable \((y,s)\), \(y\in\mathbb{R}^ n\), \(s\in\mathbb{R}\). Specifically, the authors prove the existence of positive numbers \(M_ \lambda\) and \(c_ \lambda\), depending only on \(\lambda\) and \(n\), such that for every measurable set \(\Gamma\subset C_ 1\equiv\{(y,s):| y_ i|\leq 1/2\), \(i=1,2,\ldots,n\), \(0\leq s\leq 1\}\) and for any \(B\) with center the origin and containing \(Q_ 2\equiv\{y:| y_ i|\leq 1\), \(i=1,\ldots,n\}\), the relation \[ \int_ \Gamma g(0,2;y,s)dyds\geq c_ \lambda|\Gamma|^{M_ \lambda} \] holds, where \(|\Gamma|\) denotes the Lebesgue measure of \(\Gamma\).