On correct linear differential operators (Q4719699)

Let \((X,\|\cdot\|)\) be a Banach space, and let \({\mathcal F}\) denote any of the real line \(\mathbb{R}\) or the half-line \(\mathbb{R}_-= (-\infty,0)\), or the half-line \(\mathbb{R}_+= (0,\infty)\). If \(1\leq p<\infty\), then \({\mathcal F}= {\mathcal L}({\mathcal F},X)\) denotes any of the Banach spaces \(L^p({\mathcal F},X)\) consisting of \(X\)-valued \(p\)th power integrable functions, \({\mathcal C}({\mathcal F},X)\) consisting of \(X\)-valued continuous functions, \({\mathcal C}_0({\mathcal F},X)\), consisting of \(X\)-valued continuous functions which converge to \(0\) at \(\infty\), with usual norm expressions. The class \({\mathcal U}= \{U(t,s), s\leq t, s,t\in{\mathcal F}\}\) of bounded linear operators in \(X\) is said to be a class of evolution operators if \((1)\) (i) \(U(s,s)= I\) (the identity operator), (ii) \(U(t, s) U(s,r)= U(t, r)\), \(s\leq r\leq t\), \(s,t,r\in{\mathcal F}\); (iii) \(\sup_{0\leq t-s\leq 1}\|U(t,s)\|= M<\infty\). The operator \(L^+_U\) with domain \(D(L^+_U)\) in \({\mathcal F}\) is defined by \(L^+_U(x)= f\), where \(x(t)= -\int^t_0 U(t,r) f(r) dr\), \(t>0\). One of the statements of this paper indicates that, in an earlier paper [Mat. Zametki 59, No. 6, 811-820 (1996; Zbl 0891.47027), English translation in Math. Notes 59, 586-593 (1996)], the author shows that \(L^+_U: D(L^+_U)\subseteq L^p\to L^p(\mathbb{R}_+, X)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), is the generator of the strongly continuous semigroup of operators \(\{T_U(t), t> 0\}\). The main results of this paper relate to the operator \(L^+_U\) and an associated sequence space difference operator \(D^+_U\) being correct, so that there is a constant \(c\) such that \(\|x\|\leq c\|L^+(x)\|\), \(x\in D(L^+_U)\). In particular, it is shown that \(L^+_U: D(L^+_U)\subseteq{\mathcal F}\to{\mathcal F}\) is a correct operator and \(X^*(0)\) is a closed complemented subspace of \(X^*\) if and only if \(\sigma(U)\cap S=\emptyset\), where \(\sigma(U)\) is the spectrum of \(U= U(1,0)\), \(S\) is the unit circle of the complex plane, and \(X^*(0)= \{y(0)\in X^*: y\in \text{Ker }A\}\), \(A= (D^+_U)^*\).