On gravitational effects in the Schrödinger equation (Q474839)

Some gravitational effects in the Schrödinger equations are obtained by generalizing its expression from the Minkowski space-time to a curved background space-time. This equation is obtained either from the Klein-Gordon action S or from the one-dimensional action \(S_1\) of the point particle in the semi-classical approximation. It is shown that, unlike of Minkowski case, these two methods generally yield equations that differ in the curved space-time. The mass \(m\) of the point particle is replaced by an effective mass \(M = \sqrt{m^2-\xi R}\), where \(\xi\) is an arbitrary parameter and \(R\) is the Ricci scalar of the curved space-time. The values \(\xi = 0, 1/6\) correspond to minimal and conformal coupling, respectively. It is shown that the results of this paper allow to obtain a generalization of the fundamental macroscopic Ginzburg-Landau equation of superconductivity to curved space-time. The probability current is constructed and it is proven that the conservation of the probability and electrical current requires both electromagnetic gauge and space-time coordinates conditions to be imposed. The quantum-cosmological Schrödinger equation is also discussed in the \(D\)-dimensional mini-superspace. It is shown that the maximally symmetric ground state satisfying the field equation is Minkowski space for \(3\leq D\leq7\) and anti-deSitter space for \(8\leq D\leq10\). The fundamental questions like quantum constraint equations imposed to quantize the gravitational field and meaning of the coordinate time are also discussed.