Rational time-frequency multi-window subspace Gabor frames and their Gabor duals (Q476639)

Suppose that \(L\in \mathbb N\) and \(\mathbf{g} := \{g_l: 1\leq l\leq L\}\subset L^2(\mathbb R)\). Let the Gabor system associated with \(\mathbf{g}\) be given by \[ G(\mathbf{g}, a, b) = \{E_{mb} T_{na} g_l : m,n\in \mathbb Z, 1 \leq l \leq L\}, \quad a,b>0, \] where \(E_{mb}\) and \(T_{na}\) denotes the modulation and translation operator, respectively. The closed linear span of \(G(\mathbf{g}, a, b)\) is written as \(\mathcal{M}(\mathbf{g}, a, b)\). A Gabor system \(G(\mathbf{g}, a, b)\) is called a multi-window Gabor system if \(L>1\) and a multi-window subspace Gabor frame if it is a frame for \(\mathcal{M}(\mathbf{g}, a, b)\) and \(L>1\). The authors work under the assumption that \(ab = \frac{p}{q}\), where \(p, q\in \mathbb N\) are relatively prime. By introducing the Zak transform matrix associated with \(G(\mathbf{g}, a, b)\) and employing matrix methods, multi-window subspace Gabor frames, Riesz bases, and orthonormal bases are characterized. As a result of this characterization, Gabor frames can be constructed for given Zak transform matrices. In addition, Gabor duals of types I and II for multi-window subspace Gabor frames are characterized and explicit expressions for such Gabor duals for a class of multi-window Gabor frames are derived. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of Gabor duals of types I and II are also presented. The authors then apply their results to derive characterizations of Zak transform matrices for multi-window Gabor frames, Riesz bases, and orthonormal bases of \(L^2(\mathbb R)\) to obtain a parametric expression for Gabor duals of multi-window Gabor frames for \(L^2(\mathbb R)\).