Higher index focus-focus singularities in the Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin model: symplectic invariants and monodromy (Q478595)

This paper considers the Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin model of \(n=2m-1\) spins coupled to a single harmonic oscillator. It is based on the Hamiltonian \[ H= \sum^n_{j=1} (2\varepsilon_j+ \omega)s^z_j+ \omega b\overline b+ \sum^n_{j=1} (\overline bs^-_j+ bs^+_j), \] where \(s_j\) are the spin variables, and \(b\) and \(\overline b\) describe the harmonic oscillator. The Poisson brackets give \[ \{s^a_j, s^b_j\}= -\varepsilon_{abc} s^c_j,\;\{b,\overline b\}= i\quad\text{and}\quad \{s^+_j, s^-_j\}= 2is^z_j. \] The level set of the equilibrium point in the model is a compact pinched torus of dimension \(2m\). A result of N. Tien-Zung says that the pinched torus is topologically equivalent to a product of two \(m\)-dimensional pinched tori. But this is not true at the symplectic level. The current paper computes symplectic invariants that prevent this simple product decomposition of the singular fiber. To do this, the authors first describe the normal modes around the singularity. They then provide explicit soliton-type solutions of the equations of motion on the singular fiber. The authors show that the normal modes and solitons match perfectly, so that the solitons are global extensions of normal modes to the full singular fiber.