Fejér-Riesz factorizations and the structure of bivariate polynomials orthogonal on the bi-circle (Q479512)

Summary: We give a complete characterization of the positive trigonometric polynomials \(Q(\theta,\phi)\) on the bi-circle, which can be factored as \(Q(\theta,\phi)=|p(e^{i\theta},e^{i\phi})|^2\) where \(p(z, w)\) is a polynomial nonzero for \(|z|=1\) and \(|w|\leq1\). The conditions are in terms of recurrence coefficients associated with the polynomials in lexicographical and reverse lexicographical ordering orthogonal with respect to the weight \(\frac{1}{4\pi^2Q(\theta,\phi)}\) on the bi-circle. We use this result to describe how specific factorizations of weights on the bi-circle can be translated into identities relating the recurrence coefficients for the corresponding polynomials and vice versa. In particular, we characterize the Borel measures on the bi-circle for which the coefficients multiplying the reverse polynomials associated with the two operators: multiplication by \(z\) in lexicographical ordering and multiplication by \(w\) in reverse lexicographical ordering vanish after a particular point. This can be considered as a spectral type result analogous to the characterization of the Bernstein-Szegő measures on the unit circle.