On the Gauss \(E\Upsilon PHKA\) theorem and some allied inequalities (Q479565)

Gauss proved that every natural number of the form \(8m+3\) is a sum of three odd squares. The author proves three nontrivial analogues of this theorem, using some \(q\)-series and theta function identities. Applications include representation results for spinor regular ternary quadratic forms. Explicitly a conjecture of Kaplansky is proved concerning the spinor-regular ternary forms of discriminant 16384.