The regularized Siegel-Weil formula (the second term identity) and the Rallis inner product formula (Q481116)

This paper resolves one of the basic problems in the theory of theta correspondences: the nonvanishing of the theta lift. The theta correspondence relates the automorphic representations of two groups that form a reductive dual pair. Let \(F\) be a number field with the ring of adeles \(\mathbb{A}\), and let \(E\) be either \(F\) or a quadratic extension of \(F\). Fix \(\varepsilon = \pm 1\), and define \(\varepsilon_0 = 0\) if \(E \neq F\), and \(\varepsilon_0 = \varepsilon\) if \(E = F\). Let \(U_n\) be an \(n\)-dimensional \(-\varepsilon\)-Hermitian space and \(V_r\) an \(m\)-dimensional \(\varepsilon\)-Hermitian space of Witt index \(r\). Denote by \(H(V_r)\) the isometry group of \(V_r\) and by \(G(U_n)\) the isometry group of \(U_n\) or its cover. If \(\pi\) is a cuspidal automorphic representation of \(G(U_n)(\mathbb{A})\), denote by \(\Theta(\pi)\) the global theta lift of \(\pi\) to \(H(V_r)\). The non-vanishing of \(\Theta(\pi)\) can be determined by computing the Petersson inner product of the theta lift of a cusp form \(f \in \pi\), and the Rallis inner product formula relates this inner product to the \(L\)-values of \(\pi\). The Siegel-Weil formula identifies a global theta lift of the trivial representation with an Eisenstein series, when some convergence conditions are satisfied. \textit{S. S. Kudla} and \textit{S. Rallis} [Ann. Math. (2) 140, No. 1, 1--80 (1994; Zbl 0818.11024)] developed a regularized Siegel-Weil formula to handle the cases when the theta integral does not converge absolutely. Their work was refined and extended by other authors, resulting in a Rallis inner product formula for the theta lift from \(G(U_n)\) to \(H(V_r)\) in the following cases: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[-] (Weil's convergent range) \(r=0\) or \(m-r > n+ \varepsilon_0\); \item [-] (First term range) \(r >0\) and \(m \leq n+ \varepsilon_0\). \end{itemize}} In this paper, the authors consider the remaining case. They derive the Rallis inner product formula for global theta lifts for any dual pair. This is done by establishing the second term identity of the regularized Siegel-Weil formula in full generality. As an immediate consequence, they deduce a local-global criterion for the nonvanishing of global theta lifts.