Half-Reeb components, Palais-Smale condition and global injectivity of local diffeomorphisms in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (Q482161)

The authors give a sufficient condition for a \(C^\infty\) local diffeomorphism of \(\mathbb{R}^3\) to be globally injective. If \(F=(F_1,F_2,F_3):\mathbb{R}^3\to \mathbb{R}^3\) is such a local diffeomorphism, then the condition says that the foliations \(\mathcal{F}_{F_{i}}\) made up by the connected components of the level surfaces \(F_i\) = constant have no half-Reeb component in some appropriate sense. They also give the following sufficient condition which implies the one above: For each \(i\not= j\in\{1,2,3\}\) and for \(L\in \mathcal{F}_{F_{i}}\), the induced map \(F_i|_L:L\to \mathbb{R}\) satisfies the Palais-Smale condition. The addressed questions belong to a long series of contributions related to the so-called Jacobian Conjecture about the invertibility of polynomial local diffeomorphisms of \(\mathbb{C}^n\).