Equiconvergence theorems for Sturm Liouville expansions and sets of divergence for Bochner Riesz means in Sobolev spaces (Q485196)

The Sturm Liouville operator is defined by setting, for all \(x\in (0,\,\infty)\), \[ \mathcal{L}:=-[A(x)]^{-1}\frac{d}{dx}\left(A(x)\frac{d}{dx}\right). \] In this definition, the authors assume that \(A\) satisfies the following conditions: (i) \(A\) is continuous on \(\mathbb{R}_+:=[0,\,\infty)\), positive nondecreasing and smooth on \((0,\,\infty)\), and \(\lim_{x\to\infty}A(x)=\infty\). (ii) \(A'/A\) is decreasing on \((0,\,\infty)\) and there exists a constant \(\alpha>-1/2\) and a smooth odd function \(B\) such that, for all \(x\in (0,\,\infty)\), \[ \frac{A'(x)}{A(x)}=\frac{2\alpha+1}{x}+B(x). \] Let \(\varphi_t(x)\) be the eigenfunctions of \(\mathcal{L}\), where \(t\in\mathbb{C}\) and \(x\in\mathbb{R}_+\). Let \(2\rho:=\lim_{x\to\infty} A'(x)/A(x)\). For any \(x\in (0,\,\infty)\), let \[ q(x):=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{A'(x)}{A(x)}\right) +\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{A'(x)}{A(x)}\right)^2-\rho^2. \] (iii) There exist a positive constant \(a\) and a function \(\zeta\) defined on \((0,\,\infty)\) such that, when \(x\to\infty\), \[ q(x)=\frac{a^2-1/4}{x^2}+\zeta(x), \] with \(\int_1^\infty|\zeta(x)|x\log(x)\,dx<\infty\) if \(a=0\), or \(\int_1^\infty|\zeta(x)|x\,dx<\infty\) if \(a>0\). (iv) If \(-1/2<b<0\), then \(\int_1^\infty|\zeta(x)|x^{2|b|+1}\,dx<\infty\). If \(b=0\) and \(\sqrt{A(x)}\varphi_0(x)\approx cx^{1/2}\) as \(x\to\infty\), then \(\int_1^\infty|\zeta(x)|x[\log(x)]^2\,dx<\infty\), where \(c\) is a positive constant. For any test function \(f\) and \(\beta,\, R,\,x\in \mathbb{R}_+\), the Bochner Riesz means of Sturm Liouville expansions are defined by \[ W_R^\beta f(x):=\int_0^R\left[1-(t/R)^2\right]^\beta \mathcal{F}f(t)\varphi_t(x)\frac{dt}{2\pi|c(t)|^2}, \] where \(\mathcal{F}f(t):=\int_0^\infty f(y)\varphi_t(y)A(y)\,dy\) and \(c(t)\) denotes the Harish-Chandra function. Define \[ T_R^\beta f(x):=\int_0^\infty\left[(2/\pi)\chi(y)\int_0^R\left[1-(t/R)^2\right]^\beta \cos(tx)\cos(ty)\,dt\right]f(y)\,dy, \] where \(\chi\) is a smooth cut off function on \(0<\varepsilon<\eta<\infty\), with \(\chi(x)=1\) if \(\varepsilon/2<x<2\eta\) and \(\chi(x)=0\) if \(x<\varepsilon/3\) or \(x>3\eta\). The authors mainly prove that, if \(A\) satisfies the above conditions (i) through (iv) with \(\alpha>-1/2\), \(\beta\geq 0\) and \(\lambda:=\min\{\alpha+1/2,\,\beta\}\), and if \[ \int_0^\infty|f(y)|\frac{\sqrt{A(x)}x^\lambda}{(1+x)^{\lambda+\beta+1}}\,dx<\infty, \] then, for \(0<\varepsilon<x<\eta<\infty\), \[ \lim_{R\to\infty}\sup_{\varepsilon<x<\eta} \left\{\left|W_R^\beta f(x)-T_R^\beta f(x)\right|\right\}=0. \] {\parindent=6mm As an application, the authors also prove that, if \(p\in[1,\,\infty)\), \(\beta,\,\gamma\in\mathbb{R}_+\), and if one of the following holds: \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] \(\rho=0\) and \(\frac{2b-2\beta+1}{4b+4}<\frac{1}{p}<\frac{2\alpha+2\beta+2\gamma+3}{4\alpha+4}\), \item [(II)] \(\rho>0\) and \(\frac{1}{2}\leq \frac{1}{p}<\frac{2\alpha+2\beta+2\gamma+3}{4\alpha+4}\), \item {} then, for any \(f=(I+\mathcal{L})^{-\gamma/2}g\) with \(g\in L^p(\mathbb{R}_+,\,A(x)dx)\), one has: \item [(A)] If \(0\leq \gamma\leq 1/p\), the divergence set of \(W_R^\beta f\) has Hausdorff dimension at most \(1-\gamma p\). \item [(B)] If \(1/p<\gamma\leq (2\alpha+2)/p\), the divergence set either is empty or reduces to the origin. \item [(C)] If \(\gamma>(2\alpha+2)/p\) and if \(1\leq p\leq 2\), convergence holds everywhere. \end{itemize}}