The commutator subgroup and the index formula of the Hecke group \(H_5\). (Q486451)

The Hecke group \(H_q=H(\lambda_q)\) is the group generated by \(S=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 0&1\\ -1&0\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) and \(T=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 1&\lambda_q\\ 0&1\end{smallmatrix}\right)\), where \(\lambda_q=2\cos(\tfrac{\pi}{q})\), \(q\geq 3\) an integer. For \(q=3\) we obtain the classical modular group. In the paper under review, the authors deal with the Hecke group \(H_5=H(\lambda_5)\). It is determined the index \([H_5:H(A)]\) where \(A\) is an ideal of \(\mathbb Z[2\cos(\tfrac{\pi }{5})]\) and \(H(A)\) is the principal congruence subgroup of level \(A\) of the Hecke group \(H_5\). Unlike the modular group case, it is proved that the commutator subgroup of \(H_5\) is not congruence. The following conjectures are given: Conjecture 1. The commutator subgroup of \(H_q\) is congruence if and only if \(H_q\) is commensurable with the modular group. Conjecture 2. Let \(q\geq 5\) be a prime. Then the commutator subgroup of \(H_q\) is not congruence.