Smooth model of system with diode nonlinearity (Q489995)

It is considered the differential equation \[ \dot{x} = \tau_{x}(t,x) \tag{1} \] where \(x\in\mathbb R^{n}, t\in [t_{0},t_{0} + T], \tau_{x}(t,x)\) is the projection of the vector \(f(t,x)\) on the tangent cone \(T_{Q}\) of \(Q\) at \(x\) and the smooth model with diode nonlinearity is defined by the following differential equation \[ \dot{y} = f(t,\overline{y}) - K(y-\overline{y}), \tag{2} \] where \(\overline{y}= P_{Q}(y)\) is the projection of a point \(y\in\mathbb R^{n}\) on the closed convex set \(Q\subset\mathbb R^{n}\) and \(K\) is a large parameter. It is assumed that for \(t\in [t_{0},t_{0} + T]\) and \(x\in Q\) the function \(f(t,x)\) is continuous in the first argument \(t\) and bounded by a constant \(C\), that is \(\|f(t,x)\|\leq C\); furthermore, \(f(t,x)\) satisfies a Lipschitz condition in the second argument \(x\) with the Lipschitz constant \(L\). The main result is the following theorem. \newline { Theorem.} Suppose that \(x(t), y(t)\) are solutions of systems (1) and (2), respectively, satisfying \(x(t_{0}) =y(t_{0}) =x_{0}\in Q.\) Then for all \(t\in [t_{0},t_{0} +T]\) the absolute error is bounded by \[ \|x(t) -y(t)\|\leq \frac{C\exp(LT)}{\sqrt{LK}}. \]