Explicit lower bounds for the cost of fast controls for some 1-D parabolic or dispersive equations, and a new lower bound concerning the uniform controllability of the 1-D transport-diffusion equation (Q491899)

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the boundary control for a class of linear equations of parabolic or dispersive type involving the fractional Laplace operator. The author proves the explicit lower bounds for the cost of fast boundary controls. The paper continues the previous work of the same authors published in [SIAM J. Control Optim. 52, No. 4, 2651--2676 (2014; Zbl 1300.93039)]. In the dispersive (Schrödinger) case, the author found the lower bound that is conjectured to be the optimal one by \textit{L. Miller} [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 172, No. 3, 429--456 (2004; Zbl 1067.35130)]. However, a very surprising result is that in the case of the parabolic (diffusion) equation, the lower bound is twice bigger than the one expected according to the conjecture of L. Miller. A new conjecture is then formulated for the same problem. The author also gives a new lower bound for the minimal time needed to ensure the uniform controllability of the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation with negative speed controlled on the left boundary. This yields a proof that another conjecture formulated by \textit{J. M. Coron} and \textit{S. Guerrero} [Asymptotic Anal. 44, No. 3--4, 237--257 (2005; Zbl 1078.93009)] for the same problem is also not verified at least for negative speeds. The analysis is based on complex function theory, more precisely, on a representation formula for entire functions of exponential type. The ideas of this work are closely related to the moment method.