Spectral mapping theorem for Rakocević and Schmoeger essential spectra of a multivalued linear operator (Q493337)

The purpose of this article is to extend some results on essential spectrum of linear operators to linear relations defined in Banach spaces. Let \(X\) be a complex Banach space and denote by \(L\mathcal R(X)\) the set of linear relations defined in \(X\). Let \(T\in L\mathcal R(X)\) be a closed linear relation. The authors introduce the following essential spectra \[ \begin{aligned} & \sigma_{eap}(T):=\bigcap\limits_{K\in K_T(X)}\sigma_{ap}(T+K),\\ & \sigma_{e\delta}(T):=\bigcap\limits_{K\in K_T(X)}\sigma_\delta(T+K),\end{aligned} \] where \(K_T(X):=\{K\in L\mathcal R(X): K\text{ is compact, }\mathcal D(T)\subset \mathcal D(K), K(0)\subset T(0)\}\), \(\sigma_{ap}(T):=\{\lambda\in\mathbb C: T-\lambda \text{ not bounded from below}\}\) and \(\sigma_{\delta}(T):=\{\lambda\in\mathbb C: T-\lambda \text{ is not surjective}\}\). The main result of the paper says that {\parindent=0.6cm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\lambda\notin\sigma_{eap}(T)\) if and only if \(T-\lambda\) is an upper semi-Fredholm linear relation with negative index; \item[(2)] \(\lambda\notin\sigma_{e\delta}(T)\) if and only if \(T-\lambda\) is a lower semi-Fredholm linear relation with positive index. \end{itemize}} This result is applied in order to obtain a generalization of the spectral mapping theorem for closed operators to the context of linear relations. More precisely, the authors prove that, if \(T\) is a linear relation with nonempty resolvent set and \(P\) is a complex polynomial, then {\parindent=0.6cm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\sigma_{eap}(P(T))\subset P(\sigma_{eap}(T)\)); \item[(2)] \(\sigma_{e\delta}(P(T))\subset P(\sigma_{e\delta}(T)\)). \end{itemize}}