On Poitou's duality theorem (Q4933680)

Let \(k\) be a number field, \(S\) a set of primes of \(k\) containing all Archimedean places, \(G_S\) the Galois group of the maximal extension \(k_S\) of \(k\) which is unramified outside \(S\) and \(C_S\) the \(S\)-idele class group of \(k_S\). Let \(A\) be a discrete \(G_S\)-module which is finitely generated as \(\mathbb{Z}\)-module. The author considers the natural cup product pairing \[ \widehat{H}^i (G_S,\Hom(A,C_S))\times \widehat{H}^{2-i} (G_S,A) @>\cup>> H^2(G_S,C_S) @>\text{inv}>\widetilde{\phantom{Inv}}> \frac{1}{\#G_S} \mathbb{Z}/\mathbb{Z}, \] where \(\widehat{H}^i\) denotes Tate cohomology of profinite groups. According to a classical theorem of G. Poitou, this pairing induces an isomorphism \[ \widehat{H}^i (G_S \Hom (A,C_S))(p) \widetilde{\rightarrow} \widehat{H}^{2-i} (G_S,A)^\vee(p) \] for \(i\leq 0\) and every prime number \(p\). The author recapitulates the proof of Poitou's theorem, filling a gap in the original article. In the case of finite \(S\) the author extends the above isomorphism to arbitrary \(i\in \mathbb{Z}\) if either: \[ \text{(i)}\quad S\supseteq S_p \quad\text{ or }\quad\text{(ii)}\quad S\cap S_p= \emptyset \text{ and } p^\infty|\# G_S. \] Part (ii) applies, for example, to the case \(S= S_\infty\), if the \(p\)-class field tower of \(k\) is infinite.