Maximal function characterizations of Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy spaces associated with magnetic Schrödinger operators (Q493378)

Let \(\varphi :\mathbb R^n\times[0,\infty)\rightarrow [0,\infty)\) be a Musielak-Orlicz function such that, for some \(1<q<\infty\), \(\sup_{t\geq0}[\varphi(x,t)]_{A_q}<\infty\) (where \(A_q\) is the class of Muckenhoupt weights). Assume further that \(\varphi\) is of uniformly upper type 1 and of uniformly lower type \(p\), for some \(p\in(0,1]\). Let \[ Af=\sum_{k=1}^n L^*_kL_kf+Vf \] be the magnetic Schrödinger operator, with \(L_k=\partial/\partial x_k-{\text i} a_k\), \textbf{a\ }\(=(a_1,\dots,a_k)\) the magnetic potential and \(V\) the electric potential. The Lusin-area function is defined as \[ S_Af(x)=\bigg(\int\int_{\Gamma(x)}|t^2Ae^{-t^2A}f(y)|^2\frac{dydt}{t^{n+1}}\bigg)^{1/2} \] and \(f\) belongs to the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy space \(H_{\varphi,A}\) if \(S_Af\in L^{\varphi}\). Other similar spaces are also defined in terms of the Lusin area function with respect to \(\{e^{-t\sqrt{A}}\}_{t>0}\), and the associated radial and nontangential maximal functions (denoted as \(H_{\varphi,S_P}\), \(H_{\varphi,\mathcal R_h}\), \(H_{\varphi,\mathcal R_P}\), \(H_{\varphi,\mathcal N_h}\), and \(H_{\varphi,\mathcal N_P}\), respectively). The main result of this article shows that all six Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy spaces coincide, with equivalent norms. Moreover, under some conditions on \(\varphi\) related to the uniformly upper type and of uniformly lower type indices, the Riesz transforms \(L_kA^{-1/2}\) are bounded from \(H_{\varphi,A}\) to \(L^\varphi\), \(k=1,\dots,n\).