No label defined (Q4945949)

The authors study the projection of the linear system (in \(\mathbb{R}^3\)): \[ \dot x= a_1x+ b_1y+ c_1z,\quad \dot y= a_2x+ b_2y+ c_2z,\quad \dot z= a_3+ b_3y+ c_3z,\tag{1} \] on the plane \(z= 1\). Taking \((0,0,1)\) as the origin, we have: \[ \dot x= c_1- (c_3- a_1)x+ b_1y- x(a_3x+ b_3y),\;\dot y= c_2+ a_2x- (c_3- b_2)y- y(a_3x+ b_3y).\tag{2} \] By analyzing (2) in cases \(a^2_3+ b^2_3= 0\) and \(a^2_3+ b^2_3\neq 0\), together with a former result of \textit{Z. Liang} [Periodic orbits of homogeneous vector fields of degree two in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), Dynamical systems (Tianjin, 1990/1991), Proc. Spec. Prog. Nankai Inst. Math. 4, 111-125 (1993)], they prove that the phase-portraits of the projection of (1), on the unit sphere \(S^2: x^2+ y^2+ z^2= 1\) has at least 8 different kinds of topological structures.