A note on configurations in sets of positive density which occur at all large scales (Q498998)

This review is based on author's summary. \textit{H. Furstenberg} et al. [in: Mathematics of Ramsey theory, Coll. Pap. Symp. Graph Theory, Prague/Czech., Algorithms Comb. 5, 184--198 (1990; Zbl 0738.28013)] proved in the early 1980s that every measurable subset of the plane with positive density at infinity has the property that all sufficiently large real numbers are realised as the Euclidean distance between points in that set. Their proof used ergodic theory to study translations on a space of Lipschitz functions corresponding to closed subsets of the plane, combined with a measure-theoretical argument. (Shorter alternative proofs were subsequently presented by \textit{K. J. Falconer} and \textit{J. M. Marstrand} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 18, 471--474 (1986; Zbl 0599.28008)], \textit{J. Bourgain} [Isr. J. Math. 54, 307--316 (1986; Zbl 0609.10043)], and \textit{A. Quas} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 116, No. 4, 979--987 (2009; Zbl 1175.28004)]). In the paper under review the author considers an alternative dynamical approach in which the phase space is given by the set of measurable functions from \(\mathbb{R}^d\) to \([0,1]\), which is viewed as a compact subspace of \(L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^d)\) in the weak-\(^\ast\) topology. The pointwise ergodic theorem for \(\mathbb{R}^d\)-actions implies that with respect to any translation-invariant measure on this space, almost every function is asymptotically close to a constant function at large scales. This observation leads to a general sufficient condition for a configuration to occur in every set of positive upper Banach density at all sufficiently large scales. To illustrate the use of this criterion the author applies it to prove a new result concerning three-point configurations in measurable subsets of the plane which form the vertices of a triangle with specified area and side length, yielding a new proof of a result related to work of \textit{R. L. Graham} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 28, 89--97 (1980; Zbl 0428.05004)].