The optimal trilinear restriction estimate for a class of hypersurfaces with curvature (Q502670)

Let \(U_j\subset \mathbb{R}^n\), \(j=1\), \(\ldots,\) \(k\), with \(1\leq k\leq n+1\), be open, bounded and connected neighborhoods of the origin and \(\Sigma_j:\;U_j\to \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) be smooth parameterizations of \(n\)-dimensional submanifolds related to \(U_j\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\), and denoted by \(S_j=\Sigma(U_j)\). Define the operator \(\mathcal{E}_i\) as \[ \mathcal{E}_jf(x)=\int_{U_j} e^{ix\cdot \Sigma_j(\xi)}f(\xi)\,d\xi. \] Given \(k\) smooth and compact hypersurfaces \(S_j\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\), the \(k\)-linear restriction estimate is known as the inequality of the following form: \[ \|\Pi_{i=1}^k \mathcal{E}_if_i\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^{n+1})}\lesssim \Pi_{i=1}^k\|f_i\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)}. \] The fundamental question on this estimate is the optimal lower bound of the index \(p\) for which it holds. In this paper, the author considers the case \(k=3\) and obtains a nearly optimal trilinear restriction estimate under certain transversality and curvature conditions. To be precise, for a hypersurface \(S\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) and \(\zeta\in S\), let \(N(\zeta)\) b the normal to \(S\) at \(\zeta\) and \(S_{N(\zeta)}\) the shape operator at \(S\) at \(\zeta\in S\) with respect to \(N(\zeta)\). Let \(vol(N_1(\zeta_1), N_2(\zeta_2),\ldots, N_k(\zeta_k))\) be the volume of the \(k\)-dimensional parallelepiped generated by the normals \(N_1(\zeta_1),\ldots, N_k(\zeta_k)\). The main result of this paper states that the trilinear restriction estimate \[ \|\Pi_{i=1}^3 \mathcal{E}_if_i\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^{n+1})}\lesssim \Pi_{i=1}^3\|f_i\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)} \] holds for all \(\frac{2(n+4)}{3(n+2)}<p\leq \infty\), if the following conditions hold: (i) for \(i=1,2,3\), the hypersurface \(S_i\) is a union of some foliations \(S_{i,\alpha}\); (ii) for every \(v\) in the tangent plane \(T_{\zeta_i}\) at \(S_{i,\alpha}\) at the point \(\zeta_i\) in \(S_{i,\alpha}\), it holds that \(S_{N_i(\zeta_i)} v=0\), where \(S_{N_i(\zeta_i)}\) is the shape operator of \(S_i\) at \(\zeta_i\) with normal \(N_i(\zeta_i)\); (iii) there exists \(\nu>0\) such that for any \(\zeta_i\in S_i\), \(i=1,2,3,\) any \(l\in\{1,2,3\}\) and any orthonormal basis \(v_4,\ldots, v_{n+1} \in (T_{\zeta_l}S_{l,\alpha})^\bot\subset T_{\zeta_l}S_{l,\alpha}\), it holds that \[ vol(N_1(\zeta_1),N_2(\zeta_2),N_3(\zeta_3),S_{N_l(\zeta_l)}v_4,\ldots, S_{N_l(\zeta_l)}v_{n+1})\geq \nu. \] Comparing with the known results, the above result shows that the the curvature improves the range of \(p\) in the trilinear restriction estimate.