Ultrasolvable covering of the group \(\mathbb Z_2\) by the groups \(\mathbb Z_8\), \(\mathbb Z_{16}\), and \(\mathbb Q_8\) (Q503910)

A Galois embedding problem is given by an exact sequence of finite groups \[ 1\rightarrow A \rightarrow G \mathop{\rightarrow}^{\varphi} F= \mathrm{Gal}(K/k) \rightarrow 1, \tag{1} \] where \(F\) is realized as the Galois group of the field extension \(K/k\). A solution to (1) is a Galois \(k\)-algebra \(L\) with Galois group \(G\) such that \(K \subset L\) and the restriction map from the group of \(k\)-automorphisms of \(L\) to the group of \(k\)-automorphisms of \(K\) coincides with \(\varphi\). The embedding problem (1) is called ultrasolvable if all solutions, if any, are fields. It is well-known that a sufficient condition for ultrasolvability is that the kernel \(A\) is contained in the Frattini subgroup of \(G\). An ultrasolvable embedding problem not satisfying this condition is called nontrivial. Theorem 1 in [\textit{D. D. Kiselev} and \textit{B. B. Lur'e}, J. Math. Sci., New York 199, No. 3, 306--312 (2014; Zbl 1334.12004); translation from Zap. Nauchn. Semin. POMI 414, 113--126 (2013)] states than an embedding problem is ultrasolvable if and only if it is solvable and any of its adjoined problems is not. An adjoined problem to (1) is an embedding problem \[ 1\rightarrow A_0 \rightarrow G_0 \mathop{\rightarrow}^{\varphi} F= \mathrm{Gal}(K/k) \rightarrow 1, \] where \(G_0\) is a proper subgroup of \(G\), such that \(\varphi(G_0)=F\), and \(A_0=A \cap G_0\). The author proves that if \(G\) is a \(p\)-group, \(A\) is cyclic of order greater than \(p\), \(\mathrm{char} \,k \neq p\) and (1) is solvable, then it is ultrasolvable if and only if at least one maximal adjoined problem is unsolvable. He uses this result to produce infinite series of nontrivial ultrasolvable embedding problems with cyclic kernel of order 8, 16 and quaternion kernel of order 8. Among the embedding problems of a quadratic extension into a Galois algebra, he finds 2-local nonsplit universally solvable problems with generalized quaternion or cyclic kernels.