The circular unitary ensemble and the Riemann zeta function: the microscopic landscape and a new approach to ratios (Q504136)

Let \((U_n)_{n \geq 1}\) be a sequence of matrices, \(U_n\) has a Haar distribution in \(U(n)\), and \(Z_n\) be the characteristic polynomial of \(U_n\) defined as \[ Z_n(X)=\det({\text{Id}} -U_n^{-1}X). \] The scale under consideration is the average spacing of the eigenangles of a unitary matrix of dimension \(n\), i.e., \(\frac{2 \pi}{n}\). Studying all values of \(z \in \mathbb C\), it is obtained a random entire function \(\xi_n\) defined by \[ \xi_n(z)=\frac{Z_n(e^{2 i z \pi/n})}{Z_n(1)}, \] and satisfying the following functional equation \[ {\overline {\xi_n(z)}}=e^{-i 2 \pi {\overline z}}\xi_n({\overline{z}}). \] In this paper, it is proved that in the space of continuous functions from \(\mathbb C\) to \(\mathbb C\) equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets, the random function \(\xi_n(z)\) converges in law to a limiting entire function \(\xi_\infty\), and zeros of \(\xi_\infty\) are all real and form a determinantal sine-kernel point process.