The Mumford-Tate conjecture for the product of an abelian surface and a \(K3\) surface (Q504310)

The Mumford-Tate conjecture is a precise way of saying that the Hodge structure on singular cohomology conveys the same information as the Galois representation on \(\ell\)-adic étale cohomology, for an algebraic variety over a finitely generated field of characteristic zero. This paper presents a proof of the Mumford-Tate conjecture in degree \(2\) for the product of an abelian surface and a \(K3\) surface. The main result of this paper is formulated as follows. Theorem. Let \(K\) be a finitely generated subfield of the field \({\mathbb{C}}\) of complex numbers. If \(A\) is an abelian surface over \(K\) and \(X\) is a \(K3\) surface over \(K\), then the Mumford-Tate conjecture is true for \(H^2(A\times X)(1)\). Let \(X\) be a smooth projective variety. Let \(G_B(H_B^w(X))\) be the Mumford-Tate group of the Hodge structure \(H_B^w(X)\) and let \(G_{\ell}^{\circ}(H_{\ell}^w(X))\) be the connected component of the Zariski closure of \(\text{{Gal}}(\overline{K}/K)\) in \(GL(H_{\ell}^w(X))\). The Mumford-Tate conjecture states that \[ G_B(H_B^w(X))\otimes {\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell} \simeq G_{\ell}(H_{\ell}^w(X)). \] The conjecture generalizes to motives. Let \(M\) be a motive and write \(H_B(M)\) for its Hodge realization, \(H_{\ell}(M)\) for \(\ell\)-adic realization, \(G_B(M)\) for its Mumford--Tate group, and \(G_{\ell}^{\circ}(M)\) for \(G_{\ell}^{\circ}(H_{\ell}(M))\). Here is the outline of the proof. Replacing \(H^2(A)(1)\) and \(H^2(X)(1)\) by their transcendental parts \(M_A\) and \(M_X\), the Mumford--Tate conjecture for \(H^2(A\times X)(1)\) is shown to be equivalent to the Mumford-Tate conjecture for the motive \(M_A\oplus M_X\). It is shown that the \(\ell\)-adic realization of \(M_A\oplus M_X\) form a compatible system of \(\ell\)-adic representations, and that for some prime \(\ell\), the natural homomorphism \(G_{\ell}^{\circ}(M_A\oplus M_X)^{\mathrm{der}}\hookrightarrow G_{\ell}^{\circ}(M_A)^{\mathrm{der}}\times G_{\ell}^{\circ}(M_X)^{\mathrm{der}}\) is shown to be an isomorphism, thereby establishing the Mumford-Tate conjecture for \(M_A\oplus M_X\).