Hermite-Padé approximation, isomonodromic deformation and hypergeometric integral (Q510005)

The authors promote an underlying relationship of two Hermite-Padé rational approximations with the theory of isomonodromic deformations of a \(L\times L\) Fuchsian system \[ \qquad \frac{d Y}{d z}=\left(\sum_{i=0}^{N+1} \frac{A_i}{z-u_i}\right)\,Y\leqno{(*)} \] having \(N+3\) regular singularities \[ \, S=\{u_0=1, u_1, \ldots, u_N, u_{N+1}=0, u_{N+2}=\infty\} \, \] on the Riemann sphere. In particular, they construct a Schlesinger transformation of the Fuchsian system \((*)\) through the two Hermite's approximation problems for the \(L\)-tuple \[ \, f_0(w), \dots, f_{L-1}(w) \, \] of power series in \(w=1/z\), where \(f=\,^T(f_0, \ldots, f_{L-1})\) is the first column of the power series part of the solution of \((*)\) near \(z=\infty\). It turns out that the so constructed transformation shifts the characteristic exponents at \(z=\infty\) by integers, preserving the monodromy representation. In addition, the authors illustrate their approach. Using Schlesinger transformations, they build a particular solution, expressed in terms of the block-Toeplitz determinants, of a multi-time Hamiltonian system \(\mathcal{H}_{L, N}\) of isomonodromy type. Moreover, the authors prove that these determinants can be written in the form of iterated hypergeometric integrals. The authors also present an alternative algorithm for constructing the Schlesinger transformation through vector continued fraction.