Boundedness of composition operators associated with mixed homogeneities on Lipschitz spaces (Q510373)

In this paper, the authors introduce a new class of Lipschitz spaces \(\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha}\) associated with mixed homogeneities. For any continuous function \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(x\), \(u\in\mathbb{R}^n\), let \[ (\Delta_uf)(x):=f(x-u)-f(x);\quad (\Delta_u^zf)(x):=f(x-u)+f(x+u)-2f(x). \] For any \(x:=(x',x_n)\in \mathbb R^{n-1}\times\mathbb R\), let \(|x|_e=(|x'|^2+|x_n|^2)^{1/2}\) and \(|x|_h=(|x'|^2+|x_n|)^{1/2}\). A continuous function \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is said to belong to the Lipschitz space \(\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha}\), with \(\alpha:=(\alpha_1, \alpha_2)\) and \(\alpha_1\), \(\alpha_2\in(0,\infty)\), if and only if (i) When \(\alpha_1\), \(\alpha_2\in(0,1),\) \[ \|(\Delta_u\Delta_v)f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C |u|_e^{\alpha_1}|v|_h^{\alpha_2}; \] (ii) When \(\alpha_1=1,\) \(\alpha_2\in(0,1),\) \[ \|(\Delta_u^z\Delta_v)f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C |u|_e|v|_h^{\alpha_2}; \] (iii) When \(\alpha_1\in(0,1),\) \(\alpha_2=1,\) \[ \|(\Delta_u\Delta_v^z)f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C |u|_e^{\alpha_1}|v|_h; \] (iv) When \(\alpha_1=\alpha_2=1,\) \[ \|(\Delta_u^z\Delta_v^z)f\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\leq C |u|_e|v|_h; \] for all \(u,\) \(v\in\mathbb{R}^n\) and the constant \(C\) is independent of \(u\) and \(v.\) When \(\alpha:=(\alpha_1, \alpha_2)\), \(\alpha_1\), \(\alpha_2\in(1,\infty)\), the authors write \(\alpha_1=m_1+r_1\) and \(\alpha_2=m_2+r_2\) where \(m_1,\) \(m_2\) are integers and \(r_1\), \(r_2\in(0,1].\) Then \(f\in\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha}\) means that \(f\) is a \(C^{m_1+m_2}\) function, modulo polynomials of degree not exceeding \(m_1+m_2\), such that all partial derivatives \(\partial^{\beta}f,\) \(|\beta|=m_1+m_2\), belongs to \(\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{r}\) with \(r:=(r_1,r_2).\) If \(f\in\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha},\) \(\|f\|_{\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha}}\) is defined to be the smallest constant \(C\) satisfying the above inequalities. The authors then establish the Littlewood-Paley characterization of these spaces. Let \(e\) be a function on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) which is homogeneous of degree 0 in the isotropic sense and smooth away from origin. Similarly, suppose that \(h\) is a function on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) which is homogeneous of degree 0 in the non-isotropic sense related to the heat equation, and also smooth away from origin. The Fourier multipliers \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are defined, respectively, by \(\widehat{T_1(f)}(\xi)=e(\xi)\widehat{f}(\xi)\) and \(\widehat{T_2(f)}(\xi)=h(\xi)\widehat{f}(\xi).\) Then the authors prove that the composition of \(T_1\circ T_2\) is bounded on \(\mathrm{Lip}_{\mathrm{com}}^{\alpha}\) with \(\alpha:=(\alpha_1, \alpha_2)\) and \(\alpha_1\), \(\alpha_2\in(0,\infty).\) Here, \(T_1\) can be any Calderón-Zygmund operator with kernel having the isotropic homogeneity and \(T_2\) any Calderón-Zygmund operator with kernel having the non-isotropic homogeneity.