Free Lie Rota-Baxter algebras (Q511337)

From the introduction: Definition 1. A linear operator \(R\) on an algebra \(A\) over a field \(k\) is a Rota-Baxter operator (briefly, an RB-operator) of weight \(\lambda\in k\) provided that \[ R(x)R(y) = R(R(x)y + xR(y) + \lambda xy),\quad x,y\in A. \tag{1} \] An algebra with an RB-operator is a Rota-Baxter algebra (briefly, an RB-algebra). The study of commutative RB-algebras started from the Baxter article about a solution of an analytic problem. Some combinatorial properties of the RB-operators and algebras were studied in the articles of Rota and others. In the 1980s, a close relation of the Lie RB-algebras with the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation was discovered. By now some applications have been found of the RB-operators to mathematical physics, combinatorics, number theory, and operad theory. In the articles by Rota, Cartier, and Guo various constructions of descriptions of a free commutative RB-algebra were suggested. In 2008 Ebrahimi-Fard and Guo obtained a description of a free associative RB-algebra in the language of trees. In 2010 Bokut and others obtained a description of a free associative RB-algebra by using the Gröbner-Shirshov bases. In this article we construct a free Lie RB-algebra. In Section 1, we give preliminary information on the Lyndon-Shirshov words and partially commutative Lyndon-Shirshov words. These words form a linear basis for a partially commutative Lie algebra. In Section 2, we introduce the definition of abelian operator and construct the free algebras of an arbitrary variety with an abelian operator. In Section 3, we study the case of Lie algebras. We introduce some operation \(*\) on the linear space spanned by the partially commutative Lyndon-Shirshov words and prove that the so-obtained algebra is a free Lie RB-algebra with respect to this operation.