Complete classification of the torsion structures of rational elliptic curves over quintic number fields (Q515624)

In this article, the author determines the possible torsion groups of rational elliptic curves over any quintic number fields. Let \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(d)\) be the set of isomorphic classes of the torsion groups \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}\) where \(K\) runs over all number fields of degree \(d\) and and \(E\) runs over all elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb Q\). Let \(C_n\) denote the cyclic group of degree \(n\). \textit{B. Mazur} [Invent. Math. 44, 129--162 (1978; Zbl 0386.14009)] showed that \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(1)=\{C_i~|~i=1,2,\dots,10 \text{ and }12\}\cup\{C_{i}\times C_{2i}~|~i=1,2,3,4\}\) in 1978. The author shows that \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5)=\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(1)\cup\{C_{11},C_{25}\}\) and determines possible groups \(H\in\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5)\) such that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}=H\) for a given group \(E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\). Especially, he obtains that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}=E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\) unless \(E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}=C_i~(i=1,2,5)\) and that for any elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb Q\), there is at most one quintic number field \(K\), up to isomorphism, such that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}\neq E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\). Further, he shows that for \(H\in\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5),N\neq C_{11}\), there are infinitely many non-isomorphic elliptic curves having H as the torsion group and only the elliptic curves 121a2,121c2,121b1 in J. E. Cremona's elliptic curve data have \(C_{11}\) as the torsion group over a quintic number field. The proof of these results depends mainly on the results concerning mod \(\ell\) Galois representations associated to elliptic curves of \textit{A. V. Sutherland} [Forum Math. Sigma 4, Article ID e4, 79 p. (2016;Zbl 1361.11040)] and \textit{D. Zywina} [``On the possible images of the mod \(\ell\) representations associated to elliptic curves over Q'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1508.07660}].