Chiellini integrability condition, planar isochronous systems and Hamiltonian structures of Liénard equation (Q521515)

Considere the second order non-linear differential equation \[ x'' + f(x)x'+g(x)=0, \] where \(f\) and \(g\) are real-valued functions. \textit{A. Chiellini} proved in [Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. 10, 301--307 (1931; Zbl 0003.05602)] that this equation is integrable when \[ \left(\frac{f}{g} \right)'= sf \] for a constant \(s\). The authors consider the equivalent system \[ \dot{x}=y,\dot{y}=-f(x)y-g(x) \] to give another proof of Chiellini's result.