Integrable magnetic geodesic flows on 2-torus: new examples via quasi-linear system of PDEs (Q521981)

The main result states that Liouville metrics \([\Lambda_1(x)+\Lambda_2(y)](dx^2+dy^2)\) on the 2-torus admits paths of perturbations into analytic Riemannian metrics in such a way that there exist non-zero analytic magnetic fields, such that magnetic geodesic flows on one energy level have a first integral which is quadratic with respect to the momenta. This provides explicit examples of magnetic geodesic flows which are integrable on some isolated energy level. No such example seemed to be known before. The strategy of the proof is to reduce the statement to solving a matricial PDE having the following form: some \(U\equiv U(t,x,y)\in C^\infty ([0,\varepsilon[\times\mathbb T^2,\mathbb R^4)\) must solve \(\partial_tU=A(U)\partial_xU+B(U)\partial_yU\), for convenient matrices \(A(U)\), \(B(U)\in\mathcal M_4(\mathbb R)\). The authors consider then the magnetic flow of a Riemannian metric \(\Lambda(x,y)(dx^2+dy^2)\) on the 2-torus, with a non-zero magnetic form \(\omega\), such that the magnetic geodesic flow has a first integral \(F\) on all energy levels which is quadratic in momenta \((p_1,p_2)\). They show that a convenient choice of the coordinates reduces this case to \(\Lambda(x,y)=\Lambda(y)\), \(\omega=-u'(y)dx\wedge dy\), and that \(F\) is necessarily a linear combination of the Hamiltonian \(\frac{p^2_1+p^2_2}{2\Lambda(y)}\) and of the particular first integral \(F_0:=p_1+u(y)\).