Non-topological vortex configurations in the ABJM model (Q522008)

The authors begin with a review of the work of references [``Towards a realization of the condensed-matter-gravity correspondence in string theory via consistent abelian truncation of the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena model'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, No. 18, Article ID 181601, 5 p. (2012; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.181601}); ``Abelian-Higgs and vortices from ABJM: towards a string realization of AdS/CMT42'', J. High Energy Phys. 2012, No. 11, Paper No. 073, 43 p. (2012; \url{doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2012)073})] of \textit{A. Mohammed}, \textit{J. Murugan} and \textit{H. Nastase} pertaining to the abelianization/abelian truncation of Chern Simons and matter fields in the context of mass-deformed ABJM model. The field content of the latter include four complex scalars and Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation of the \(\mathrm{SU}(4)_R\)-symmetry group (which is broken down to \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\times\mathrm{SU}(2)\times\mathrm U(1)\times\mathrm U(1)\times\mathbb Z_2\) by a maximally supersymmetric deformation with a mass parameter), two sets of gauge fields corresponding to \(\mathrm U(N )\times\mathrm U(N)\). The former entails introducing a pair of real vector fields and a pair of complex scalar fields. For simplicity, setting a pair of the four complex fields to zero, the equations of motion of the truncated Lagrangian in the static limit, along with the Gauss laws for the abelian field strengths (and some identities) are used to show that the total static energy density admits a lower bound, and that the bound is obtained provided the two (non-zero) complex scalars satisfy a set of first order self-dual BPS equations. One of the objectives of the paper is ``to establish with mathematical rigor existence and multiplicity results about solutions of'' the BPS self-duality equations. It is, in particular, also shown that the BPS equations admit only ``planar non-topological solutions'' with no energy gap. The authors go on to prove two Theorems, 2.1 and 2.2, related to showing that the two sets of abelian fluxes are not independent of each other. A third Theorem 2.3 shows the existence of a one-parameter family of solutions corresponding to the same energy. The BPS equations and their solutions, are shown by the authors, to be reduced to a pair of nonlinear elliptic differential equations in \(\mathbb R^2\) and their solutions. To avoid technical complications, the zeros of the complex scalars are taken to be at the origin. Another issue addressed by the authors is to identify suitable initial conditions which yield solutions of the aforementioned nonlinear elliptic differential equations satisfying \(L^1(\mathbb R^2)\) integrability conditions. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the system of elliptic differential equations are shown (sufficiency by a perturbation method) to correspond to a range for the abelian fluxes to lie within.